Lipoic acid is an important biologically active compound functioning as a part of the intracellular antioxidant defense system in living organisms providing their resistance to the development of oxidative stress and its negative effects. Therefore, lipoic acid is widely used in medicine as part of drug therapy for various pathologies. Quantification of lipoic acid is required for its pharmaceutical dosage forms quality control. Electrochemical methods, in particular voltammetry, can be applied for these purposes. To provide high sensitivity and selectivity of quantification, chemically modified electrodes are a promising tool. Among a wide range of electrode surface modifiers, metal oxide nanoparticles are of interest. Electrochemically inert tin dioxide and mixture of cerium dioxide with iron(III) oxide nanoparticles were used as electrode surface modifiers. Tin dioxide nanoparticles were prepared in surfactants providing homogeneous stable dispersion. Electrodes created were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and electrochemical methods. The modified electrodes show a statistically significant increase in the effective surface area and electron transfer rate vs bare electrode. Novel highly sensitive and selective differential pulse voltammetric methods were developed for lipoic acid quantification. The analytical characteristics achieved are significantly improved vs existing electrochemical methods. The selectivity of lipoic acid response in the presence of typical and structurally related interferences was proved. The approaches have been successfully tested on the pharmaceutical dosage forms and compared to the independent coulometric method. The methods developed are simple, reliable, selective, and sensitive that allows their usage for pharmaceuticals quality control.