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Application of combined coagulation-flocculation-decantation/ photo-Fenton/ adsorption process for winery wastewater treatment
* 1, 2 , 2 , 2 , 2 , 2
1  Escuela Internacional de Doctorado (EIDO), Campus da Auga, Campus Universitário de Ourense, Universidade de Vigo, As Lagoas, 32004, Ourense, España
2  Centro de Química de Vila Real (CQVR), Departamento de Química, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801, Vila Real, Portugal
Academic Editor: Antoni Sánchez

Abstract:

The winery wastewater (WW) is characterized for high content of soluble sugars, organic acids, alcohols and high-molecular-weight compounds, such as polyphenols. A coagulation-flocculation-decantation (CFD) process can be applied in combination with a photo-Fenton and adsorption process to remove the organic matter from the WW. Therefore, the aim of this work is (1) study the performance of polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP) in CFD process, (2) optimize photo-Fenton process and (3) evaluate the efficiency of combined CFD/photo-Fenton/adsorption process. The CFD process was optimized by varying (1) pH (4.0 – 7.0) and (2) [PVPP] (0.5 – 2.0 g/L) and under the best operational conditions ([PVPP] = 0.5 g/L, pH = 6.0, rapid mix (rpm/min) = 150/3, slow mix (rpm/min) = 20/20, sedimentation = 12 h) it was achieved a total organic carbon and total polyphenols removal of 46.9 and 63.3%, respectively. The photo-Fenton process was optimized by varying the Fe2+ concentration (1.0 – 2.5 mM) and radiation type (no radiation, UV-C, UV-A). Under the best UV-A-Fenton conditions ([Fe2+] = 2.5 mM, [H2O2] = 225 mM, pH = 3.0, agitation = 350 rpm, time = 150 min) it was achieved a 69.1 and >99.5%, respectively. To increase the removal efficiency, an adsorption process was applied ([Bentonite] = 1.5 g/L, pH = 6.0, agitation = 350 rpm, sedimentation = 2 h) and it was achieved a 72.0 and >99.5%, respectively. The energy consumption was evaluated, and results showed an Electric energy per Order (EEO) of 641 and 170 kWh m-3 order-1 for UV-A and UV-C respectively. In conclusion, the combination of CFD-photo-Fenton-adsorption is an efficient process for WW treatment.

Keywords: Adsorption; Coagulation-flocculation-decantation; Photo-Fenton; Polyvinylpolypyrrolidone
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