Due to the advancement of sensor devices and wireless communication technology, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have drawn a lot of observation in recent periods. Inaccessible terrain, disaster zones, or polluted conditions are typically where it is deployed at random, making battery replacement or recharge challenging or even impossible. Network lifetime is therefore extremely important to a WSN. Abundant energy-efficient strategies in a heterogeneous wireless sensor network are surveyed in this paper. We first provide an overview of the fundamental network radio representation and how it may be utilized to analyze different trade-offs between network deployment costs, and energy-efficient clustering approach. We also highlight a few protocols that can be utilized in heterogeneous networks and are energy efficient.