Neuronutrition is defined as an interdisciplinary area that studies the influence of various aspects of nutrition on brain health prevention, and treatment of neurological disorders across the lifespan. The brain requires specific nutrients to maintain its structural integrity, support cognitive processes, and protect against neurodegenerative diseases. Leveraging advancements in genetic testing, metabolomics, and other cutting-edge technologies, precision neuronutrition aims to identify personalized nutrient requirements to optimize brain health outcomes and prevent neurological disorders.

In this scoping review, we synthesized recent data on biomarkers indicative of brain health status, such as neuroinflammation, oxidative stress markers, gut-brain disturbances, and nutrient deficiencies. These biomarkers could provide real-time feedback on the effectiveness of dietary interventions. For instance, the evaluation of neuroinflammation hinges upon quantification of C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Oxidative stress is amenable to assessment through quantification of malondialdehyde and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine levels. Equilibrium pertaining to the gut-brain axis finds reflection in the proportions of short-chain fatty acids, composition of the microbiota consortium. Moreover, deficiencies in essential nutrients such as B vitamins, vitamin D, omega-3 fatty acids, and choline can serve as discernible indicators of brain health status.

Additionally, we analyzed personalized interventions (diets and nutrient supplementation) for maintaining brain health and optimizing outcomes to provide a comprehensive overview of nutriomics. High consumption of fruits and vegetables can reduce mucosal inflammation, which is one of the reasons for neuroinflammation and impaired neurotransmitter metabolism.. Nutrients including tryptophan, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, folic acid, phenylalanine, tyrosine, histidine, magnesium, choline and glutamic acid were found to be effective in the regulation of mood, appetite and cognitive function.

Precision neuronutrition offers a promising approach to optimize brain health through personalized dietary interventions. Continued research in this field hold great potential for revolutionizing the way we approach nutrition for the brain and improving brain health outcomes.