More than 57% of US adults take dietary supplements with the most common being daily multivitamins. Daily multivitamins are typically formulated in a pill or tablet form, however new options using a powder form to be mixed with diluent (water) are being utilized to increase bioavailability. While limited data is available, the theory is that multivitamins tablets must be adequately dissolved before entering the small intestine for assimilation, while powders come pre-dissolved before consumption and theoretically ensures enhanced bioavailability. Our aim was to investigate the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of minerals [magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), calcium (Ca), and potassium (K)] using a novel Foundational Nutrition supplement called AG1 compared to a tablet multivitamin. AG1 contains vitamins and minerals comparable to multivitamin tablets, but also includes prebiotics, probiotics, and phytonutrients. We employed the adapted Simulator of Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME®) model to assess bioavailability and bioaccessibility of the study products using a simulated stomach and small intestine physiological environment equipped with a dialysis membrane (methylcellulose) to emulate absorption. Luminal contents were collected at the end of the stomach, duodenum, and 1-, 2-, and 3-hours after small intestine absorption simulation (dialysis) to assess bioaccessibility. The dialysis solution was measured at 1-, 2-, and 3-hours to assess bioavailability. A significantly higher (p < 0.05) percentage of the total amount of all minerals given at baseline was present at the end of the stomach and duodenum portion for the powder form vs. the tablet. There was a significantly higher % concentration_maximum (C_max) for Mg, Ca, and Zn for AG1 vs. tablet. Similarly, Mg, Ca, and Zn were more bioavailable but only Ca and Zn were more bioaccessible for AG1 compared to tablet. These preclinical data demonstrate that a greater proportion of minerals in AG1 enter the small intestine, have a higher C_max, and several are more bioaccessible and bioavailable than a tablet multivitamin in vitro.

Neuronutrition is defined as an interdisciplinary area that studies the influence of various aspects of nutrition on brain health prevention, and treatment of neurological disorders across the lifespan. The brain requires specific nutrients to maintain its structural integrity, support cognitive processes, and protect against neurodegenerative diseases. Leveraging advancements in genetic testing, metabolomics, and other cutting-edge technologies, precision neuronutrition aims to identify personalized nutrient requirements to optimize brain health outcomes and prevent neurological disorders.

In this scoping review, we synthesized recent data on biomarkers indicative of brain health status, such as neuroinflammation, oxidative stress markers, gut-brain disturbances, and nutrient deficiencies. These biomarkers could provide real-time feedback on the effectiveness of dietary interventions. For instance, the evaluation of neuroinflammation hinges upon quantification of C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Oxidative stress is amenable to assessment through quantification of malondialdehyde and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine levels. Equilibrium pertaining to the gut-brain axis finds reflection in the proportions of short-chain fatty acids, composition of the microbiota consortium. Moreover, deficiencies in essential nutrients such as B vitamins, vitamin D, omega-3 fatty acids, and choline can serve as discernible indicators of brain health status.

Additionally, we analyzed personalized interventions (diets and nutrient supplementation) for maintaining brain health and optimizing outcomes to provide a comprehensive overview of nutriomics. High consumption of fruits and vegetables can reduce mucosal inflammation, which is one of the reasons for neuroinflammation and impaired neurotransmitter metabolism.. Nutrients including tryptophan, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, folic acid, phenylalanine, tyrosine, histidine, magnesium, choline and glutamic acid were found to be effective in the regulation of mood, appetite and cognitive function.

Precision neuronutrition offers a promising approach to optimize brain health through personalized dietary interventions. Continued research in this field hold great potential for revolutionizing the way we approach nutrition for the brain and improving brain health outcomes.

Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) are the primary global cause of death, with profound negative effects on individuals, families, communities, and healthcare systems. The escalating burden of chronic illnesses, particularly in low and middle-income countries, necessitates effective disease management. This study investigates barriers to medical service access and adherence to prescribed regimens for NCD patients attending Divisional Hospital Thalangama's NCD clinics. Conducted through a descriptive cross-sectional approach, the study engaged 400 participants via random sampling. Data collection employed a pre-tested questionnaire with five sections, and analysis featured descriptive and inferential statistics, including Chi-Square tests using SPSS version 25 and Microsoft Excel. Ethical clearance and permissions were obtained from relevant authorities.Demographic findings reveal a sample primarily composed of married, Buddhist, Sinhalese females (56%), with a mean age of 63.0 ± 10 years and income of 34,462.65 ± 16,496.7 LKR. A majority had primary education (73.5%) and was unemployed (53%). Notably, most refrained from alcohol (75.5%) and smoking (81.25%).Prevalent NCDs were diabetes type-II (69.3%), hyperlipidemia (79.3%), and hypertension (84.3%), with average disease durations of 9.16 ± 6.29 years for hypertension and 9.7 ± 7.13 years for diabetes type-II. Key prescribed drug groups included Angiotensin II receptor antagonists (54.3%), Biguanides (64%), Sulfanauria (49.8%), and dyslipidemia drugs (82.3%).Adherence to recommended diets was low, with only 22.5% and 25% following diabetic and low sodium diets, respectively. Aerobic exercises and jogging were undertaken by 21.3% and 51%, while larger proportions abstained from aerobic exercises (31.3%), exercise (64.3%), sports (89%), yoga (96.8%), and Ayurveda (90.8%) for NCD management.The study's outcomes emphasize the urgency of overcoming barriers to medical service access and adherence for optimal NCD management. Tailored interventions can enhance patient outcomes, alleviate healthcare strain, and curtail NCD-related burdens on societies.

This research delves into diabetes self-management practices among patients at District General Hospital Polonnaruwa's medical clinic. A comprehensive dataset from 100 participants over two weeks reveals insights. The majority were male (77%) from the Sinhala Buddhist community (97%). Education varied from up to O/L qualifications (53%) to no formal education (26%), while 63% were employed and 27% unemployed. Challenges in dietary adjustments, physical activity, and timely insulin administration were evident. Focus on dietary patterns highlighted the need to reduce rice consumption and increase protein and vegetable intake. Physical activity was evenly distributed, with 50% inactive and 50% active. Awareness of hyperglycemic management was notable, but gaps existed in foot care consciousness (41%) and recognizing familial diabetes history (28%). Complications like retinopathy (65%), neuropathy (33%), and nephropathy (22%) were significant concerns. Therapeutic drug familiarity was proficient, with 89% knowing oral hypoglycemic drugs and 21% understanding insulin. Education played a crucial role, shaping hygiene and self-management awareness. Complications were pertinent, but neuropathy and nephropathy instances were comparatively lower. Contributory factors—personal hygiene, physical activity, family support, dietary habits, and foot care—shaped diabetes self-management. Education emerged as a catalyst. Specific domains need attention for optimal outcomes. Dietary paradigms gain significance, emphasizing protein and vegetable integration. Surprisingly, 54% demonstrated commendable dietary practices, challenging previous claims of suboptimal approaches among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus participants (56.7%). This study underscores education's pivotal role and the importance of addressing self-management domains for improved diabetes outcomes.

Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are poorly synthesised in the human body, and are substantially lower in Western diets compared with their shorter chain omega-3 essential fatty acid precursors α-linolenic acid (18:3n-3; ALA). However, ALA does not provide the health benefits observed with the intake of EPA and DHA, which have been associated with healthy aging, and importance in foetal development and neural, retinal and immune system function. The aim of our work was to assess intake of PUFAs, EPA, DHA and ALA in a young cohort of students attending De Montfort University (DMU), a British university located in the East Midlands. Comprehensive nutrient intake was collected from 111 (20.45 ± 1.16 yrs-old; 78 female) DMU students between 2015-16 from three major ethnic backgrounds (41 Asia, 41 Africa, 27 Europe), using a validated variant of the Nutrition Norfolk Food Frequency Questionnaire with more than 130 food items, which also records portion size. Questionnaires were processed with Nutritics dietary software. BMI values were calculated with the formula BMI = kg/m². Moreover, body total and visceral fat, water, muscle and bone mass were directly obtained by a Tanita scale. Only 9.2% of this population was underweight, meanwhile 25.7% and 8.3% were overweight and obese, respectively; three times the national average in this age group. The dietary intakes of total fat (100.55 vs. 81.72 all in g/day; p-value=0.032), total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA; 14.61 vs. 12.91; NS), linoleic acid (18:2n-6; LA; 27.254 vs. 19.506; p-value=0.0019), ALA (5.857 vs. 3.725; p-value=0.00008), arachidonic acid (AA; 0.765 vs. 0.578; p-value=0.0303), EPA (0.620 vs. 0.523; NS) and DHA (1.069 vs. 0.847; NS) were significantly higher or higher in male participants, respectively. The high intakes of LA and ALA versus EPA and DHA observed would be consistent with that reported in Western countries. However, none of them presented statistical differences according to ethnic background or BMI, except for the intake of total fat (p-value=0.0069) and PUFA (p-value=0.0013), which were significantly higher in students from Asia and Europe. However, although without significance, the higher intakes of EPA and DHA were seen in Asian [values as mean and range (in g/day); 1.006 (0.011-5.724) and 0.605 (0.032-3.484)] and African [0.875 (0.075-5.064) and 0.545 (0.067-3.586)] students versus European [0.826 (0.089-2.810) and 0.480 (0.0498-1.755)], possibly due to differences in the diet between these individuals based on their different traditions. The dietary intakes of DHA plus EPA in the group monitored (0.551 + 0.912 g/day) exceed the recommended intake of 0.2 g/day recommended by the UK, including the RDI of 0.5 g/day that considers the intake of one to two portions of fish per week. The higher intakes of EPA and DHA in the monitored group than that reported in 19-24 years-old UK population (97 and 98 mg/day, in males and females, respectively) could be explained by the higher intake of fish observed (59.4) when compared with that reported in general UK adult population (31 g/day). However, the intake of total fish was higher in Asian and European students than those reported in African participants (65.895, 63.899 vs. 49.972 g/day), although these differences were not statistically different. Further analysis will evaluate the potential contribution of poultry, milk and eggs to the intake of EPA and DHA in the monitored group for each ethnical background. Finally, male and female participants (1.817 and 1.503) would cover the adequate intake of omega-3s (1.6 and 1.1; g/day) established by the US National Institutes of Health.