The world of antibiotics is undergoing a significant transformation, driven by the dual challenges of antimicrobial resistance and ecological ramifications associated with their use. This thesis provides a comprehensive examination of the intricate relationship between antibiotics, public health, and the environment, shedding light on the multifaceted problems that this interplay creates.

The research scrutinizes the global crisis of antibiotic resistance, investigating its origins, underlying mechanisms, and its alarming proliferation. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria pose a serious threat to the effectiveness of these crucial drugs in the fight against infectious diseases. This necessitates a reevaluation of antibiotic use and the development of innovative strategies to curb resistance also focusing on the ecological consequences of antibiotic utilization. While antibiotics are designed to target specific pathogens, their impact extends to the broader microbial communities they encounter. The research delves into the effects of antibiotics on ecosystem balance, with a particular emphasis on their contribution to the growing problem of environmental antibiotic resistance.

This thesis offers a holistic perspective on the evolving landscape of antibiotics through a comprehensive analysis of these interconnected aspects. It emphasizes the urgent need for a global response to address resistance, advocates for a balanced approach to antibiotic usage, and underscores the pivotal role of public health strategies in managing these intricate challenges