Background: Cancer has become a significant public health issue and is one of the world's leading causes of death. This study reports on the types and distribution of cancer using data from the Hadhramout Oncology Center (HNOC) from 2015 to 2020.
This study aims to estimate the cancer incidence among patients registered at (HNOC) from 2015 to 2020.

Method: Retrospective descriptive study of patients diagnosed with cancer at (HNOC) in the period of 2015-2020 in Yemen.

Results: The results obtained from the Hadhramout National Oncology Center during the period 2015-2020 showed a total of 2591 cases. Of these, 1279 cases (49.4%) were males and 1312 (50.6%) were females, with a female-to-male ratio of 1.02. There has been an increase in the number of cases from 2015 to 2020 with a peak occurring in 2018. The mean ages of diagnosis were 52.29 and 50.45 years for males and females, respectively. For all cancer types, cancers of blood were the most common type, followed by breast cancer and colorectal cancer. Breast cancer (28.9%) and blood cancer (18.84%) were the most common types in females and males, respectively. Among all the cases registered at (HNOC), Hadramout had the highest reported cases with 1787 (68.9%), followed by Shabwa 518 (20%) and Almahra 105 (4.1%).

Conclusion: The findings of this study demonstrated that cancer incidence has increased over the past few years. Therefore, it is essential to establish a high-quality regional cancer registry to allow for the surveillance of cancer and facilitate the development of effective programs for cancer control and prevention in Yemen.