The problem of plastic requires a necessary change from a linear global economy into a circular one. The economic model that is currently in use relies on extraction, production, use, and disposal, leading to resource depletion, biodiversity loss, waste, and pollution, threatening the planet's ability to meet future needs. Poor end-of-life management and packaging design errors have led to low recycling rates. The use of recycled plastic for food contact is limited by regulations which require it to come from a closed-loop recycling process. Alternatively, recycled plastic can be used without direct food contact, with only virgin plastic touching the food, thus reducing the use of virgin plastic. Overall migration testing for food contact materials was conducted in a three-layer PE plastic package designed for contact with field crops and shelled nuts. The package combines a recycled middle layer, which was strategically contaminated with an anti-UV additive, and outer layers of virgin plastic. Contaminated samples were compared with control samples, which were also three-layered and also contained recycled plastic as the middle layer, presenting the same thickness. The tests occurred in a 10-day period; the samples were incubated at 40 °C, according to European regulation (UE) N. o 10/2011, in ultra-pure water. The results were promising and showed no compound migration. More tests need to be carried out, with different simulators, but preliminary results show that it may be possible to use recycled material within multilayered plastic packaging without jeopardising consumer health through contaminant migration onto food.

This study had the support of national funds through Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT), under the funding from the research centre strategic programme under reference numbers UIDB/04292/2020 and UIDP/04292/2020 and under the project LA/P/0069/2020 granted to the Associate Laboratory ARNET. This work was also supported by the Packaging for the Future project, Green Agenda for Business Innovation, investment project no. 59, financed by the PRR, NextGenerationEU.