Introduction:
Electrostimulation is emerging as a promising therapeutic alternative for the treatment of neurological injuries, as well as dysfunctions of the visceral and musculoskeletal systems. Limitations of the conventional implants—including stiffness, degradation, the need for surgical removal, and external power sources—have driven the development of bioinspired solutions that integrate flexibility, a self-healing capacity, and biodegradability.

Methods:
A literature review was conducted for the years 2020–2025 using the PubMed, Google Scholar, and ResearchGate databases, with the keywords self-healing polymers, implantable electrostimulation, bioelectronics, neurorepair, visceral stimulation, and biodegradable electronics. The inclusion criteria focused on original studies and reviews concerning implantable, self-healing electrostimulation systems tested in biological models.

Results:
The identified studies show rapid advancements in materials and systems that combine electrical, mechanical, and biological functions. Notably, implants made from conductive polymers (e.g., PEDOT) demonstrated self-healing capabilities under physiological conditions, maintaining electrical conductivity after repeated mechanical damage. In visceral neurostimulation models, such implants proved compatible with dynamic organ movements and were able to support neuromuscular functions over extended periods. Additionally, a biodegradable implant based on a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), activated by body motion, significantly accelerated bone healing in rats, resulting in a 27% increase in bone mineral density and an 83% improvement in mechanical strength after 6 weeks. Complementary systems combined sensory, mechanical, and stimulation functionalities within a single flexible structure that responded autonomously to motion.

Conclusions:
Next-generation electrostimulation implants—self-healing, elastic, and bioresorbable—offer transformative potential in regenerative neurology and functional medicine. Their ability to adapt within dynamic biological environments makes them highly promising for treating both central and peripheral nervous system disorders while reducing the need for reoperations and improving patient safety and comfort.