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Application of cryogels with noble metal nanoparticles as flow through catalyst for "green" decomposition of phenol derivatives
1  Department chemistry, Kozybayev University , Petropavl, 150000, Kazakhstan
2  School of Applied Sciences, University of Brighton, Huxley Building, Lewes Road, Brighton BN2 4GJ, United Kingdom.
Academic Editor: Alberto Jiménez Suárez

Abstract:

Chlorinated derivatives, including pesticide fungicides and insecticides, are extensively applied in agriculture, disinfection, and industry, yet their persistence leads to severe contamination of aquatic environments[1-2]. Conventional bioremediation methods are insufficient for removing these pollutants, which has stimulated the development of catalytic approaches to degrade stable chloro-organic compounds effectively[3-5]. In the current study a range of catalytic strategies has been designed to address the degradation of persistent organic pollutants. In this investigation, the formation of metal-coordinated chitosan gels were analyzed via rheological measurements (G′ and G″). using Medusa modeling mechanism of gel formation was proposed. Ionic gels were further transformed into covalently cross-linked macroporous cryogels containing in situ immobilized Pd or Pt nanoparticles through redox-driven reactions. The catalytic efficiency of these cryogels for degrading chloro-organic contaminants in continuous water treatment was evaluated, with PdNPs and PtNPs uniformly dispersed as nanosized particles within the porous polymer structure. The degradation kinetics of o-chlorophenol, p-chlorophenol, and 2,4-dichloro-phenol were investigated using catalysts with varying Pd and Pt loadings. Conversion increased with higher formic acid excess and elevated temperatures, reaching 80–90% at 80 °C. The CHI–GA–PdNPs cryogel demonstrated superior hydrogenation activity at pH 6 compared to CHI–GA–PtNPs, though no marked difference was observed at pH 3. Batch-mode termination studies and control experiments were conducted to explore catalyst deactivation, with silver nitrate addition showing limited benefit. Overall, this catalytic platform holds promise for application in flow-through systems and for broader use in the synthesis of valuable chemicals.

Keywords: catalysis; nanoparticles; phenol; enviroment; remediation
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