Human–robot collaboration (HRC) is increasingly being introduced into construction and demolition activities to improve efficiency and help reduce human exposure to hazardous tasks. Construction sites pose unique hazards regarding close human–robot interaction during demolition operations. This presentation discusses the development of a simulated virtual environment designed to examine potential hazards and subsequent human responses while working alongside a demolition robot.

The study explores various risk factors that may cause operators of demolition robots to situate themselves within the hazard zone of the robot, that is, within an area near the robot where they can be hit, pinned, or crushed by any part of the robot. Consequently, the study evaluates participants’ situational awareness and response to sudden and unexpected robot behaviors, including outrigger and arm swing motions, as well as structural hazards such as roof and floor collapses. While participants conduct different demolition tasks, the established virtual environment enables controlled manipulation of hazard types, environmental conditions, and spatial configurations while monitoring human perception, reaction, and decision-making under varying risk conditions. Participant responses are evaluated in terms of reaction time, spatial behavior, perceived risk, and task performance. Results from this study provide quantitative and qualitative insights into critical safety parameters for construction HRC. These findings will inform the development of preliminary safety thresholds for HRC demolition tasks, contributing to the foundation of future safety standards in construction robotics.