Alzheimer’s disease represents a growing global challenge not only for healthcare systems but also for families who assume primary caregiving responsibilities. Beyond its medical implications, the disease generates significant social and economic pressures that reshape household dynamics and long-term financial stability. This study explores the social and economic burden experienced by families caring for individuals diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease. Using a socio-analytical approach based on secondary data and the existing literature, the paper examines both direct costs (medical treatment, medication, and specialized services) and indirect costs (loss of income, reduced working hours, emotional strain, and social isolation). Particular attention is given to the impact of informal caregiving on employment trajectories and gender disparities within households. The analysis highlights that families often compensate for insufficient institutional support by absorbing financial and emotional responsibilities, increasing vulnerability, especially among middle- and low-income households. The findings suggest that Alzheimer’s disease should be addressed not solely as a medical condition but as a complex social issue requiring integrated public policy responses. Strengthening community-based services, financial assistance programs, and caregiver support mechanisms is essential to mitigate long-term social inequality and prevent economic marginalization. By framing Alzheimer’s disease within a broader socio-economic context, this study contributes to ongoing discussions about sustainable social protection systems in aging societies.