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4,9-Diaminoacridines and 4-aminoacridines as antiplasmodial dual-stage hits
* 1 , 2 , 3 , 4, 5 , 2, 6 , 2 , 4, 5, 7 , 3 , 2 , 2
1  LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Portugal.
2  LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
3  Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
4  Nanomalaria Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Spain
5  Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona Center for International Health Research (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
6  Ciências Químicas e das Biomoléculas, Escola Superior de Saúde, Politécnico do Porto, Portugal
7  Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Institute (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Spain

Abstract:

Malaria is one of the deadliest infectious diseases in the world. The eradication of malaria has not yet been achieved, mainly due to the emergence of resistant parasites. Therefore, multi-target drugs have being prioritized in antimalarial drug discovery, as targeting more than one process in the Plasmodium life cycle is likely to increase efficiency, while decreasing the chances of emergence of resistance by the parasite. In this sense, and keeping in mind that the one cost-effective strategy is to repurpose existing drugs for malaria, or to rescue antimalarial pharmacophores, we report the synthesis and in vitro evaluation of two novels acridines families (4,9-diaminoacridines and 4-aminoacridines) through the combination of primaquine (PQ) and chloroquine (CQ), two well-known antimalarial drugs with activities in different stages of the parasite life cycle. All the synthesized compounds retained the activity of the parent drugs against erythrocytic stages of P. falciparum (CQ-sensitive 3D7, and CQ-resistant W2 strains), and liver-stages of P. berghei, hence acting as dual-stage antiplasmodial hits.

Keywords: acridines, antimalarial activity, blood-stage, liver-stage, multi-target drugs, organic synthesis
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