In this study we have analyzed the spatial dynamics of the forests disturbed by Siberian Silk Moth (Dendrolimus sibiricus Tschetverikov (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae)) in Central Siberia and obtained model equations that fit this dynamics. We considered three sites that experienced silk moth outbreaks in 1993–1996, 2015–2018 and 2018–2020 and used satellite data (NOAA/AVHRR, Terra/MODIS, Landsat/ETM/OLI), field data, digital elevation model, and maps of predominant forests. Silk moth-disturbed areas were classified using NDVI that was calculated for each 15-day period during growing season (April–September). Time series of disturbed forest areas were obtained for three sites located in Krasnoyarsk region (Central Siberia, Russia). Total damaged areas for these sites were 41, 430 and 470 thousand hectares.

We obtained formalized descriptions for the temporal dynamics of disturbed area. Coefficients for the model solution were optimized using the Lagrange multiplier method and non-linear generalized downgrading gradient method. It is shown that the systems of empirical solutions adequately (R²~0.97) fit field data and can be used to simulate silk moth outbreaks under similar conditions. We have tested model regression equations for predicting the azimuthal spread of damaged area with a confidence level of r = 0.60–0.68.

It was shown that it is necessary to additionally identify and analyze interseasonal periods of disturbed area dynamics to improve the accuracy of the model. Individual seasons should be considered as independent sub-periods, which must be accompanied by refined coefficients of model equations when forming a general solution. A set of obtained solutions reflects the probable range of silk moth outbreak scenarios under given conditions.

Reducing Emission from Deforestation and Forest Degradation, and managing forest sustainably to sequester carbon (REDD+) has been considered as the most cost-efficient and fastest way of climate change mitigation in various Conferences of Parties of United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (CoP of UNFCCC). Channelizing funds from developed nations, as compensation for enhancing carbon stock is the fundamental mechanism under REDD+. It is claimed that financial incentives to the local forest-dependent communities will work as a positive externality to modify the behaviour of forest resource consumption and management pattern. For robust implementation of REDD+ project on ground level, different nation-states including India formulated different Benefit Sharing Mechanism (BSM) to disburse funds to the local forest dwellers. This paper critically assesses the institutional structure of BSM in India. It also examines the prospects of livelihood enhancement of the local communities at the policy level and what actually happening at the ground level. India adopted a top-down method of BSM where funds transfer at different levels from national to sub-national to joint forest management (JFM) based local level institutions. There is a number of problems discerned in the existing institutional mechanism: firstly, in international level, the intervention of carbon market promotes neo-liberal capitalist agenda which adversely impacting on the rights of local communities; Secondly, at the national level, centralized BSM constrains effectiveness of intervention in enhancing the livelihood of forest dependent local communities; and finally, at the local level, the existing non-statutory institution under JFM failed to achieve control over forest governance affecting sustainability of forest resources. It is argued that without recognizing forest property rights that are critical to the well-being of forest-dependent communities, benefit-sharing under REDD+ may not realize. Incentive-based programme like REDD+ would be successful if the rights and agency of forest-dependent local communities were recognized.

The abandonment of traditional forestry practices and the lack of updating through more modern practices, as for the coppices government, has led to a dangerous homogenization of the landscape with consequent loss of ecosystem variety, landscape complexity and biodiversity.

The coppice management combined with the basic requirements of sustainability is possible with a careful logging activities and a continuous monitoring of the impacts on the ground and on the renovation. The chestnut coppice management corresponds to a specific productive model, with questionable values of naturality but without heavy impacts. It is known that the greatest impact is due to the harvesting, so it must be carried out carefully. If the wooden assortments request is connected to a local management, production and consumption chain, the coppice government can be a valid forest management method both in terms of biomass, landscape diversity and heterogeneousness of forest cover, fulfilling the commitments of preservation of biodiversity.

Urban forests provide many benefits for the city's resiliency to climate change by improving the degree of shading, evaporative cooling, rainwater interception, and storage and filtration functions. With the increasing population and unplanned urbanization, the Northern Forests, which play a major role in Istanbul, are being destroyed over time. In this study, forest area changes were determined by using object-based classification and landscape metrics. 2009 and 2019 dated Landsat TM and Landsat OLI&TIRs images were used to detect the changes, especially in forest areas in İstanbul. According to the classification results, forest areas decreased from 318.2 km² to 292.1 km², while urban areas increased from 87.2 km² to 104.6 km². Landscape metrics are calculated from the classification results for the forest areas. Landscape metrics were selected as aggregation index, edge density, the largest patch index, and patch density in this study. As a result, in the study area, due to an increase in patch density and edge density it is observed that fragmentation and heterogeneity increase, and also clustering, continuity of class types, and proportional distribution in the landscape decreased. The patch and edge density of urban areas, forest areas, roads, and bare areas has increased. Fragmentation has increased in forest and agricultural areas. Therefore, road and barren lands tend to cluster, while the clustering tendency has decreased in other classes.

The study aimed to investigate the effect of soil fertility on the growth potential of naturally regenerated silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) stands growing on the post-agricultural lands in Mazowieckie region (central Poland). We selected 10 locations with birch renewals of age ranging from 2 to 17 years. At each place we established a 4-plot chronosequence abd determined the following features in the upper 50-cm-thick soil layer: soil texture, pH, total carbon and nitrogen level, and base cations content. These characteristics were later on used for soil fertility index calculation. Based on the height measurements, we determined the site index (height at the base age of 25 years) for the analysed stands using previously developed formula. Trees height as well as chemical properties of soils under silver birch regeneration varied with regard to the age, whereas soil physical attributes turned to be rather stabile. We found out that both soil fertility index and site index values were not significantly correlated with stand age (r = -0.043, p = 0.919 and r = -0.053, p = 0.748, respectively) indicating that site productivity potential during the initial phase of secondary succession is rather stable. However, the soil fertility turned to have the negative and significant impact on the site index of birch renewals (r = -0.372, p = 0.018). This might have probably resulted from the similar type of relationship we observed between site index and base cations content (r = -0.317, p = 0.046).

Forest and tree cover loss decreases the ecosystem services that they may provide such as food and livelihood, protection from calamities, oxygen to breathe, and storing of carbon. This study assessed the diversity, species composition, and carbon stock potential of trees located in Aurora, Philippines. Two areas were surveyed to represent preserved and developed ecosystems. The preserved ecosystem was represented by the ultramafic forest in Baler, Aurora while the developed ecosystem was represented by the urbanizing portion of Dipaculao, Aurora. The sampling site in Baler included 27 400-m2 plots while the site surveyed in Dipaculao had a total of 72.72 hectares of developed area. Results showed a higher tree diversity in Baler (H’ = 4.096) than in Dipaculao (H’ = 3.278). Species composition assessment also revealed a higher number of ecologically important species in Baler. Ecologically important species in Baler included 100% natives, 34.5% endemics, and 20.86% threatened. Dominant species in Baler were the native, endemic, and threatened Xanthostemon philippinensis Merr. and the native Teijsmanniodendron ahernianum (Merr.) Bakh. On the other hand, the developed ecosystem had 54.4% native, 4.41% endemic, and 11.76% threatened. Dipaculao was dominated by introduced and invasive species such as Swietenia macrophyllaKing and Gmelina arborea Roxb. ex Sm. For the tree carbon stock assessment, a tremendous difference was found wherein the preserved ecosystem had 272.28tons/ha carbon while the developed ecosystem had 16.28 tons/ha carbon. This study revealed ideal forest ecosystem characteristics in preserved forests with high diversity, the presence of many important species, and a large amount of carbon stock. This calls for immediate action from the government to continuously protect the natural forests and prioritize proper land use planning and the right choice of species to be integrated with developed areas to improve the ecosystem’s capacity to provide vital ecological services.

Non-vascular epiphytes are known for the diverse roles they play in ecosystems, which include providing habitat for organisms and participating in nutrient cycling. These epiphytes are biological indicators due to their sensibility to environmental conditions and their rapid life cycle and, in a climate change scenario, they may be the first to suffer from the effects of higher temperatures and changes in precipitation patterns. The objective of this work was to evaluate the potential that the non-vascular epiphytes have to store water in Tropical Forests. The study was carried out in areas of Montane Atlantic Forest located in the Serra do Mar State Park, characterized by the abundance of vascular and non-vascular epiphytes. We used 5 permanent plots of 1ha each, established by the BIOTA/FAPESP Functional Gradient Project - 3ha of old growth forest, 1ha subjected to selective logging, and 1ha of late succession forest - areas in which the biomass of non-vascular epiphytes was estimated using an allometric model developed by the author herself. The amount of water present in the wet biomass of non-vascular epiphytes was calculated from this estimated dry biomass,. Mature forests stored between 913.4L and 1330.7L of water per hectare in non-vascular epiphytes, in the forest where there was selective logging the stock was 530.9 L/ha and 703.8 L/ha in the late successional area. The non-vascular epiphytes that occur in understory trees store approximately 50% of the total water stocked by epiphytes in each area. Our results show that the non-vascular epiphytes store a large amount of water, creating a wet microhabitat in the tree trunks, which is strongly affected by the disturbance

The objective of this study was to evaluate growth (cm), yield (kg/m2), crude protein (CP %), crude fiber (CF %), ether extract (EE %), NDF (%), ADF (%), gross energy (GE kcal /kg), ELN (%), Ash (%) and in vitro digestibility (IVD %) of Brachiaria mutica grass; under three silvopastoral systems, guava (Inga edulis), poplar (Populus alba) and eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus labill) and a treeless system (TS) in the northeastern of peru. Were analyzed under a completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatments and four repetitions and the results were analyzed by analysis of variance (α = 0.05 %) and Tukey's means test (p ≤ 0.05). The SPS with guava showed higher growth at 30 days (59.57 cm), and the there was no difference between systems at 45 (98.43-107.14 cm), 60 (138.86-146.57 cm) and 75 days (159.81-165.67 cm); the highest yield at 30 days was for SPS with guava (0.41 kg/m2), at 45 and 60 days there was no difference (1.01-1.15 and 1.57-1.76 kg/m2) and for 75 days was for TS (2.88 kg/m2); the nutritional composition was evaluated in two cut-off frequencies (30 and 75 days); for 30 days, the SPS with guava has a higher value for CP (16.03%), IVD (68.13%) and GE (4502 kcal/kg), the SPS with eucalyptus has a higher percentage for CF (21.08), NDF (33.17), FDA (56.42), and ash (7.74), the highest EE content was in the SPS with poplar (2.46%) and the TS presented the highest percentage of ELN (50.88); for 75 days, the SPS with guava presented a higher value for CP (13.61%), FDA (36.78) and GE (4504.33 kcal/kg), the SPS with eucalyptus had a higher percentage for CF (23.51) and ash (6.42), and the highest percentage of EE (2.24), ELN (59.18) FDN (62.67) and IVD (56.59) was for the SPS with poplar.

The aim of the study was to assess the correlation between the content of C, N, P and the C:N and C:P ratios in the soils of the Białowieża Primeval Forest reserves in north-eastern Poland. The research was carried out in forest reserves in the Lipiny, Dębowy Grąd, Władysława Szafera and Koryciny reserves in the Białowieża Primeval Forest (north-eastern Poland). Soil samples were collected in the fall of 2021 from the layers: 0 (litter), 0-5, 5-10, 10-20, 20-40 cm, and after drying and preparation, the pH was measured in 0.01 mol CaCl₂·dm^-3 and the content of N_Tot and P_Tot. Soils were acidic (pH_CaCl2: 4.32-5.00) and the average nutrient contents were in the range: for C (68.4 - 110.0 g·kg^-1 in DM); N (2.95-3.45 g·kg^-1 in DM); P (0.187-0.516 g·kg^-1 in DM). Significant positive linear Pearson correlations (p = 0.00001) were obtained for C_Tot x N_Tot (R = 0.916); C_Tot x P_Tot (R = 0.666); N_Tot x P_Tot (R = 0.665) for all objects. The stoichiometric ratios had a wide range for C: N (10.71-52.70) and C: P (4.78-1445.0). Their highest values ​​were recorded in the litter ("0") and in the layer 0-5 cm deep. A significant value of C:N>20 and C:P>300 may indicate the accumulation of soil organic matter "carbon sequestration" and an increase in biological phosphorus sorption.

The radial growth of coniferous trees in the mid-high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere has an unstable response to climate warming. We analyzed the differences in the radial growth patterns of the two dominant species (Larix principis-rupprechtii Mayr and Picea meyeri Rehd. et Wils.) on Guancen Mountain, north-central China, and the differences in the stability of their radial growth in response to climate change. Pearson correlation and sliding analysis were performed to study the correlations and dynamic relationships between radial growth and climatic factors. The main results are as follows: (1) the standard chronologies of L. principis-rupprechtii and P. meyeri contained rich climate information, and the radial growth of L. principis-rupprechtii was more sensitive to climatic factors than that of P. meyeri; (2) on a long-term scale, changes in the radial growth of L. principis-rupprechtii and P. meyeri in response to the monthly mean temperature and standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) were unstable; (3) after the abrupt temperature change, the interannual basal area increments (BAIs) of the two dominant species followed an upward trend, and the radial growth rate of L. principis-rupprechtii was much greater than that of P. meyeri. The results of this paper can help to understand the response of the radial growth of coniferous forests in north-central China to future climate change, and provide a basis for future forest cultivation in the middle and high latitudes of the northern hemisphere.