This paper reports the identification of an extracellular acido-thermostable endo-chitinase (called ChiA-Hh59) from thermophilic Hydrogenophilus hirschii strain KB-DZ44. The ChiA-Hh59 was purified and characterized. The maximum chitinase activity recorded after 36-h of incubation at 60°C was 3000 U/ml. Pure enzyme was obtained after heat and acidic treatment, precipitation by ammonium sulphate and acetone, respectively, followed by sequential column chromatographies on Sephacryl S-200 and Mono Q-Sepharose. Based on MALDI–TOF/MS analysis, the purified enzyme is a monomer with a molecular mass of 59103.12-Da. The 22 residue NH₂-terminal sequence of the enzyme showed high homology with family-18 bacterial chitinases. The optimum pH and temperature values for chitinase activity were pH 5.0 and 85°C, respectively. The pure enzyme was completely inhibited by p-chloromercuribenzoic acid (p-CMB) and N-ethylmaleimide (NEM). The obtained results suggest that ChiA-Hh59 might be an endo-chitinase. The studied chitinase exhibited high activity towards colloidal chitin, chitin azure, glycol chitin, while it did not hydrolyse chitibiose and amylose. Its catalytic efficiency was higher than those of chitodextrinase and ChiA-65. Additionally, TLC analysis from chitin-oligosaccharides showed that ChiA-Hh59 acted as an endo-splitting enzyme. In conclusion, this chitinase may have great potential for the enzymatic degradation of chitin.

In Earth Observation (EO) process the data is assembled about planet Earth through remote detecting. The area, where most information about our planet is gathered, is space. The data accumulated at the Earth's end is extremely huge, accordingly requires a great deal of manual work by people to recover group and foresee information gathered. To limit human exertion, neural networks were introduced. Counterfeit neural systems have accomplished the human level picture grouping result. The issue of characterization of satellite pictures in the field of remote detection is commonly gained utilizing pixel-level, object-level, or scene-level. A Land spread characterization of satellite pictures using a Deep Learning strategy intends to accomplish uniform arrangement of land-structures. Utilizing a regulated learning procedure, the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model was created to group satellite pictures. This for the most part centers around the scene-level arrangement of satellite pictures utilizing a Deep Learning strategy. At scene-level, the ability of CNNs to arrange or aggregate a tremendous number of remotely detected picture information caught by different satellites has been examined utilizing various openly available datasets. Likewise, a trial dataset is utilized which has 0.5m goals and was adjusted further according to the necessity. Utilizing scene level arrangement results are acquired by ordering respective pictures into numerous semantic groups. A nitty-gritty survey and test are also performed to delineate and investigate how Deep Learning (DL) has been applied for remote picture evaluation tasks for scene-level grouping.

This research work predominantly centers around a scene-level arrangement, of satellite pictures utilizing a Deep Learning method. Additionally, this report presents an exhaustive investigation of ongoing advancement on different datasets and techniques accessible for scene grouping. The different methodologies were discussed by distinguishing some exploration holes in Deep Learning for satellite data.

At scene-level, the capacity of CNNs to order or gathering a colossal number of remotely detected information caught by different satellites had been examined and investigated widely utilizing various openly available datasets. A nitty-gritty inspection and test were carried out to depict and examine how DL has been applied for remote detecting picture examination tasks for the scene-level grouping. In the field of Remote Sensing, this examination covers the vast majority of the application and innovation in going from pre-training to the mapping of satellite pictures.

The search for thermo- and extremophilic microorganisms as talented sources for highly stable enzymes has gained growing attention in recent research. The literature indicates that several microorganisms that have the ability to live under extreme conditions, such as thermophilic hot springs, volcanic and geothermal regions, are endowed with unique features of considerable interest to various industrial applications and processes. In this context, a thermophilic bacteria Hydrogenophilus hirschii strain KB-DZ44 was isolated from Hammam Righa hot spring in Ain Defla (Algeria). Identification of the isolate was done according to morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics and 16S rDNA sequence similarity as well. The temperature range for growth was 40–80 °C (opt. temp. 60 °C), pH range was 6–12 (opt. pH 6.5–7.5), and NaCl range of 0 to 4 g/L (opt.1- 1.5 g/L). 16S rDNA sequence and blast analyses confirmed that the isolate belonging to the genus Hydrogenophilus. The sequence was submitted to GenBank with accession number (KY646164).

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS- CoV-2) is responsible for the greatest pandemic of the 21st century. Since December 2019 until now more than nine millions have been infected by the virus and almost five hundred thousand people lost their lives for Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Some mechanisms were associated to COVID-19 pathophysiology and specially in severe cases a specific dysregulation in the immune system could be identified, the cytokine storm. In that situation occurs a decrease in the anti-inflammatory and protective imune compounds and an increase in peripheral blood of pro-inflammatory, such as interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-6, IL-10 and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) that cause lung injury and worsens the patient's prognosis. So, this work aimed to review the role played by cytokine storm in SARS-CoV-2 infection, in order to to better understand the molecular events behind out-of-control cytokine response in severe COVID-19 patients.

COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) is a pandemic infection caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Once in the body, COVID-19 can cause acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multiorgan failure. The mandatory cellular structure for virus invasion is the membrane-bound form of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). After SARS-CoV-2/ACE2 binding, this complex is internalized by the host cell, RNA is released and viral replication starts. ACE2 is part of the renin-angiotensin-system (RAS), that is critical in the physiological regulation of several body systems and specially in cardiovascular and blood pressure maintenance. The primary role of the positive RAS axis, by the ACE1 isoform, is to increase sympathetic nervous system tension, cause vasoconstriction, increase blood pressure, and promote inflammation, fibrosis, and myocardial hypertrophy. On the other hand, ACE2 acts in an opposite way to counteract these actions and maintain homeostasis. It is well established that RAS axis is directly related to the changes observed in hypertension pathophysiology. Thus, this work proposes to analyze the role of ACE2 in hypertension as a risk factor for COVID-19 and to evaluate the related emerging therapeutic strategies.

The objective of the present work is to cultivate the micro-alga "Spirulina platensis" of Burkina Faso origin in two types wastes water, olive mill wastes and the used engines oils in the area of Tizi-Ouzou, with a view to reduce pollution. In order to minimize the pollution caused by these wastes water, we opted to enrich them with the solution of fig wood ash as a source of alkalinity. The culture was carried out at 30 and 37° C. To be able to clean up these wastes water as much as possible, the recycling effect was studied. Some culture parameters (pH, phycocyanin level (%), Spirulina yields (%)), the analysis of functional groups and the antimicrobial activity of the obtained spirulina powders were determined.

The results obtained show that recycling has a positive effect on the culture of S.platensis in both natural media. A more or less significant production of phycocyanin was observed, in particular in the two recycled media at 30°C. These results state that temperature does not affect on the phycocyanin production.

Spirulina issued from the used oils of engines is dark brown in color and is characterized by a high level of pigments and impurities. On the other hand, that from olive mill wastes is blue-green in color, which reveals the presence of phycocyanin, the latter being the source of this color.

The two Spirulina powders from both media contain hydroxyl and carbonyl groups. Consequently, they are highly recommended as a source of carbon to use in agriculture.

The Multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is considered a public health crisis and a threat to health security. The multi-resistant form can be treated and cured with second-line medications. However, second-line treatment options are limited and require long-term chemotherapy (up to two years of treatment) with drugs that, besides being expensive, are toxic. Thus, the need to find new antimicrobial agents to cope with this phenomenon increases. In this sense, the exploration of natural plants is valuable. Natural products from plants could be interesting alternatives. Some plant extracts are known to have antimycobacterial properties, and can be of great significance in therapeutic treatments. We carried out the study of antimycobacterial activity of Cissus incisa leaves. Three extracts were prepared from the leaves of this plant: hexane, chloroform methanol (1:1) and aqueous. Their antitubercular activities were evaluated using Alamar Blue assay. The hexane and chloroform/methanol extracts were the most active, with MIC values between 125-250 μg/mL. Until our knowledge, there are no studies to support the traditional use of this plant in relation to the mycobacterial infection diseases. This research contributes both to the knowledge of the Mexican flora, as well as the discovery of potential antibacterial agents derived from plants.

Bax and p53 proteins are interesting therapeutic targets, as they signal apoptosis and prevent neoplasms. In most cancers, these proteins are downregulated to support tumor survival. A C-phycpcyanin (C-PC) is a phycobiliprotein with diverse biological activities and could upregulate Bax and P53 in tumor cells. To assess the interaction between C-PC and pro-apoptotic proteins, docking is a valuable screening tool avoiding time and resources spent on in vitro experiments if this interaction does not occur in silico. Using PRISM web server (algorithm based on structural matching) the interaction of the C-PC (PDB ID: 1GH0) was verified in its complete form (Full) or just its F chain with two proapoptotic proteins (p53- PDB ID: 1C26- and Bax- PDB ID: 1F16). The C-PC does not interact with p53, only Bax in its two forms with binding energy of -1.54 (Full) and -21.97 (chain F). UCSF Chimera (program for the interactive visualization and analysis of molecular structures) revealed that the F chain was connected to Bax by two Hydrogen bonds and 180 varied connections (polar, nonpolar, favorable and unfavorable). In silico analyzes showed preferential interaction of C-PC with Bax, without any interaction with p53. The higher binding energy with the F chain in relation to the complete structure of C-PC indicates greater stability of the protein complex. The docking demonstrated the feasibility of carrying out in vitro and in vivo studies to assess the possible stimulatory role of C-PC on Bax.

Map-making is an inherent cognitive capability of human beings to fulfill their basic needs and desire to explore. This art usually referred to as Cartography, has moved a long way from markings on the trees and cave stones as well as directions through celestial bodies using heuristics to today’s latest applications based on geodesy and web cartography running in real-time. The global satellite based navigation systems, which came into being in 1995 with their full operational capability, revolutionized the parallel developments in the satellite imaging technology. The NAVigation Satellite Timing And Ranging Global Positioning System (NAVSTAR GPS) from the United States of America and the Globalnaya navigatsionnaya sputnikovaya sistema (GLObal NAvigation Satellite System, GLONASS) from RUSSIA aided their military users and on availability to the cartographic community changed the way of surveying and mapping in different countries. The photogrammetric processing required for cartography purposes, topographic mapping, and photogrammetric product generation need high accuracy in both horizontal (planimetric) and vertical directions. The presented study covers various experimental sites in India at Dehradun site, Uttarakhand; Jaipur site, Rajasthan; Kendrapara site, Odisha; Chandigarh site, and Delhi site where the Differential GPS (DGPS) surveys in the static mode were carried out using Leica 500 series GPS, Trimble Net R9, and Trimble R7 Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) geodetic receivers. The horizontal and vertical precisions achieved in the post-processing of these collected GPS survey datasets using DGPS / DGNSS mode range from 2mm - 6mm majorly. The root mean square error (RMSE) attained for the satellite triangulation is better than a pixel resulting in the photogrammetric generation of significantly more accurate digital elevation models (DEM) as compared to the DEMs based on rational polynomial coefficients (RPC) alone and further improved orthoimages for the study sites using Cartosat-1 stereo pairs.

The pathophysiology of cancer is related to diverse cellular and molecular dysfunctions. Unregulated proliferation can occur due to changes in pathways such as MAP kinase (ERK is the effector kinase). Metastasis linked to the worst prognosis is related to the unregulated function of adhesion proteins (like E-cadherins/ ECAD). The C-phycocyanin (C-PC) is a photosynthetic pigment with several biological activities, with the potential to inhibit ERK and ECAD in tumors. In this work, we evaluated the possible interaction of C-PC with ERK and ECAD to deepen the knowledge about the anti-tumor mechanisms of C-PC. Using the PRISM web server (algorithm based on structural matching) the interaction of the C-PC was verified (PDB ID: 1GH0) in its complete form (Full) or F chain with ERK (PDB ID: 2ZOQ) and ECAD (PDB ID: 2O72). Full C-PC interacted with ECAD with -5.77 of binding energy (BE). The F chain interacted with ERK (-20.99 BE) and ECAD (-41.71 BE). UCSF Chimera program revealed that the F chain binding to ECAD by 179 varied connections (polar, nonpolar, favorable and unfavorable), without establishing Hydrogen bonds. The chain F binding to ERK by 5 Hydrogen bonds and 264 varied connections. The chain F of C- seems to have greater biological action (in relation to the complete structure), because it was linked to the two targets. The greater BE demonstrates the greater stability of the protein complex, so the greatest action must occur on ECAD. However, the interaction in ERK by 5 hydrogen bonds should favor the role of C-PC on this protein. Thus, the interaction of C-PC with ERK and ECAD demonstrates its potential to reduce proliferation and metastasis, encouraging in vitro studies.