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Effect of ohmic heating nixtamalization on the structural and physicochemical characteristics of instant maize flours and their relation to starch modifications
* 1 , 2 , 3 , * 1
1  Programa de Posgrado en Alimentos del Centro de la República, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autóno-ma de Querétaro
2  Programa de Posgrado en Alimentos del Centro de la República, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro
3  Centro de Investigación en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Unidad Querétaro, Instituto Politécnico Nacional
Academic Editor: Vladimir Uversky

Abstract:

The study investigated the changes in the physicochemical properties of maize starch on nixtamalized flours produced with ohmic heating under different voltage and thermal conditions. Changes were studied using their viscosity profile, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results indicated flour viscosity was affected by increasing time/temperature, but also by greater electrical fields, due to gelatinization and electroporation, shown as damage of the starch granule in SEM. DSC and XRD indicated gelatinization and loss of crystalline structures, but also formation of new amylose-lipid interactions stabilizing the starch system and causing lower peak viscosity.

Keywords: Gelatinization; electroporation; pasting profile; resistant starch; sustainable nixtamalization
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