The rising utilization of permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) across various industrial domains underscores the pressing need to proactively manage potential issues, particularly inter-turn short-circuit faults (ITSCFs). These faults, recognized as among the most hazardous PMSM failures, can have severe repercussions if left undetected, leading to significant repair costs and posing safety risks.

In response to this challenge, this study introduces an innovative online diagnostic method aimed at mitigating ITSCF risks. This approach involves the real-time estimation of impedance symmetrical components (ISCs) using the Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT) technique, seamlessly integrated into the LabVIEW environment. The method based on applying the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) algorithm on a short-time sliding window, offering simplicity, speed, and the precise determination and tracking of frequency and harmonic amplitudes. This allows considering the non-stationary aspect of the problem and fits well with the proposed application.

Moreover, the method's broad applicability, along with its elimination of motor parameter estimation requirements and minimal variable measurement needs, renders it highly advantageous for motors. By adopting this approach, industries can enhance the reliability and safety of PMSMs while minimizing the financial and operational risks associated with ITSCFs. To validate the efficacy of the proposed technique, extensive testing of PMSMs was conducted under diverse operating conditions, including varying fault severity, transient load variations, and speed fluctuations.