This research focused on the extraction of chitin from an unconventional and underexploited biological source: the wings of the desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria). The primary objective was to optimize the conventional chemical extraction protocol to enhance both the yield and quality of the recovered chitin. To achieve this, an additional depigmentation step was introduced prior to the standard deproteinization phase. This modification proved to be highly effective. Notably, it reduced the number of chemical treatments required from seven baths in the classical method to only four, thus decreasing the overall processing time and chemical consumption, while simultaneously limiting the environmental footprint of the extraction process. The optimized protocol also led to substantial improvements in the extraction outcomes. The chitin yield increased markedly, rising from 10% to 29%, which reflects nearly a threefold improvement. In addition, the quality of the biopolymer was enhanced, as demonstrated by the increase in its molar mass, from 537,000 g/mol to 847,000 g/mol, suggesting better preservation of the polymer chains and reduced degradation during processing. These findings highlight the critical impact of both the biological origin and the protocol design on the final characteristics of chitin. This study underscores the necessity of tailoring extraction strategies to specific raw materials in order to obtain high-performance biopolymers suitable for advanced applications in biotechnology, agriculture, and materials science.