Chitin and its derivative chitosan are two biopolymers that find numerous applications in various fields. Their industrial production, carried out mainly from marine crustaceans, does not meet the demand either in quantity or quality; hence, the exploration of new chitinous sources is necessary today. In this context, we explored the scorpion Buthus atlantis as a chitinous source in order to evaluate the quality and quantity of chitin it contains. The extraction, carried out with the objective of preserving as much of the native structure of chitin as possible, was carried out solely by deproteinization without resorting to other treatments. The chitins extracted from the different morphological parts of the scorpion were transformed into chitosans by N-deacetylation reactions under the conditions of the Kurita and Broussignac processes. The characterization of chitins and chitosans was carried out using the techniques of Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Capillary Viscosimetry and Acid-Base Titration. All chitins, obtained with relatively high contents (16 to 24%), are pure and have an alpha structure. As for chitosans, they are prepared with low-value degrees of acetylation (8 to 15%) and molar masses that can vary from low to high (78000 g/mol to 270000 g/mol) depending on the application for which they are intended. These results show that the scorpion Buthus atlantis is a potential source for the production of biopolymers.