The aim of this review was to summarize any evidence-based clinical uses of thalassotherapy. PubMed was searched up to the 15th July 2021 for relevant studies. Overall, 560 articles were found and 14 studies were included in this review. Clinical efficacy of thalassotherapy was mostly tested for skin problems (psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, vitiligo) and rheumatic disorders (fibromyalgia, ankylosing spondylitis). Disease severity and the patients’ quality of life significantly improved after intervention, with the majority of evidence for psoriasis and fibromyalgia. Thalassotherapy can be associated with symptomatic improvements in some health conditions. Further studies on the topic are recommended.

In this study, we calibrated and tested the Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS-CN) based Modified Sahu-Mishra-Eldo (MSME) model for predicting storm event total direct runoff (Q_tot) The MSME model satisfactorily predicted the estimated Q_{tot_pred} for three watersheds, unsatisfactory for one watershed. These results demonstrate MSME model’s potential to predict direct runoff in poorly drained forested watersheds as reference for urbanizing coastal landscapes. The flooding conditions of the lower coastal plain landscapes can be further exacerbated beyond that shown by storm runoff-based flood discharges potentially due to ground water table rise as sea level rises.

Multiple human activities are concentrated along the coasts, causing various physical alterations to hydromorphological (HM) features of coastal ecosystems. We reviewed available knowledge and tools as a basis for the development of a GIS-based pan-European methodology for the assessment of hydromorphological alterations in coastal and transitional waters. We found that there are not many pan-European GIS-based spatial data available to define a baseline for hydromorphological assessment within transitional and coastal waters, although present conditions pressure data are available. Significant number of hydromorphological features of coastal and transitional waters could be assessed using GIS-based data, but combination of various data sources and assessment approaches is needed.

The latest storms have highlighted the vulnerability of the Ebro delta coast, especially in the Buda Island area. There, the dune field is being significantly reduced due to erosion caused by large waves. This paper shows the volumetric variation of the dune field of the Buda Island using LiDAR data in the period 2005-2017. By 2017, almost half of the area and volume of the dunes that were present in 2005 had been lost. Changes in this coastal stretch as a result of storms Gloria (2020) and Filomena (2021) have also been analysed using Sentinel-2 images. The results show that the Buda Island suffers a strong erosion that involves the loss of a large part of the dune sediments and the retreat of the coastline.

Emergent water pollution accidents range primarily based on pollution location, sources of pollution, levels of pollution, and pollution timeframe. Because of climatic conditions, human factors, and technological flaws, inappropriate chemical usage, spills and explosions in the chemical industry, and oil tankers, there have been significant economic losses, environmental devastation, and deaths. In this paper possible changes that would occur in the ecosystem of a coastal in response to a terrorist attack or/and industrial accident will be identified and discussed. A very brief revision will be done on ecosystem organization, succession, effects of pollutants and biomagnification, and coastal water renewal characteristics to draw possible scenario under a terrorist attack or/and industrial accident. Simple computational models will be used to simulate a coastal ecosystem and demonstrate the possible consequences of an incident.

In this study, a series of laboratory experiments on the response of sand-clay seabed under progressive waves were carried out to investigate the process of sediment suspension over a liquefied seabed. The sand-clay beds with various clay content (CC) ranging from 0 to 15% were tested for a specific wave condition. The excess pore water pressure (EPP), suspended sediment concentration (SSC) and elevation of mixed beds were recorded for each test. The experimental results indicated that seabed with a certain amount CC was easier to liquefy compared with pure sandy bed. The SSC of liquefied sand-clay bed is bigger than that of non-liquefied mixed bed. The SSC above sand-clay bed is smaller than that of sandy bed, but the erosion depth of mixed bed is bigger than that of sandy bed.

Changes in land use and land cover (LULC) have a significant impact on a watershed’s hydrological processes. Investigating the impact of land use land cover change on hydrological components and the responses of watersheds to environmental changes is crucial for water resource planning, land resource utilization, and maintaining hydrological balances. The impacts of land use land cover on hydrological parameters in the Nashe watershed, Blue Nile River Basin, are explored in this study. Historical and future land use land cover change scenarios that represent baseline, current and future periods have been implemented into a calibrated Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model using Digital Elevation Model (DEM), land use land cover maps, soil data, weather data, and hydrological data. The result showed the land use land cover changes analyzed for the time period of 2019 to 2035 reveal a decline in ground water flow, lateral flow, evapotranspiration, and increment of surface runoff, and water yield. This depicts that the land use land cover change will occur in the future by decreasing forest land and increasing agricultural land and urban area that will increase the vulnerability of the watershed.

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the coastal protection engineering methods along western Bardaweil Lagoon artificial Inlets. A Multi-temporal shorelines were detected and extracted from Landsat satellite time-series images (30-m spatial resolution) including different sensors ; Thematic Mapper (TM), Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM+), and Operational Land Imager(OLI) imagery taken from 1985 to 2020 were used to compare shoreline change rates prior to and after the construction of the coastal structures (Jetties). Geographic Information Systems based Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) has been used to compute statistics of historical shoreline changes. The results indicated that the coastal structures were successful to protect the navigational canals of Inlets from sedimentation, as well as it contributes to save lagoon inlets from severe coastal erosion, on the other hand, a new coastal erosion zones have been appeared close to the inlets entrance and need to protection.

Climate change, with sea level rise as one of its main consequences, will heavily change the dynamics of the coast in the next years. The assessment of the impacts that could cause is a key issue to anticipate measures and reduce risks, mainly flooding and erosion. PIMA Adapta Costas is a national project financed by “Ministerio de Transicion Ecológica y el Reto Demográfico” which aims to answer these unknowns along the Spanish coast. This work presents the evaluation of such impacts in 54 Catalan beaches located in 8 littoral cells. Erosion has been characterized by tracking the retreat of different datums whereas flooding has been defined as the sum of all inundated areas during more than 4 hours. The obtained results are integrated in a specific viewer developed by the ICGC. A complete description of the impacts will help identifying common response patterns that can be used to select optimal management strategies to reduce risks.

This work analyzes the potential effect of SLR on the sensitivity of the Ebro delta to storm surge induced inundation through areas sheltered from wave action. Results show that, under current conditions, flooding is restricted to very extreme conditions under the synergic action of astronomical tide and surges. When considering the effect of SLR, the magnitude of the flooding will significantly increase even under low SLR rates. This is critical for the deltaic vulnerability in the coming decades, since the inner shoreline along bays will not be able to respond to SLR to maintain its relative elevation with respect to the MSL.