In recent decades, the surging human population and expanding economic activities have led to a significant rise in maritime traffic, exerting heightened pressure on marine environments and the establishment of new marine trade routes. This rise in maritime traffic puts additional pressure on marine environments, with fuel spills thought to play a key role in environment deterioration. In this paper, we conducted a micronucleus test on 48 limpets of the genus Patella collected from four different marinas. Additionally, we collected 48 limpets of the genus Patella from a fifth site and exposed them to ship contaminants (fuels and cleaning products) for five days before conducting the MN test. Furthermore, we analyzed arsenic, cadmium, mercury, and lead (As, Cd, Hg, and Pb, respectively) in four water samples from the five sites. Our findings revealed that limpets from Gijón had the highest micronucleus count, followed by limpets from Avilés, Nalón, and Ribadesella. Limpets exposed to petrol showed the highest micronucleus count, followed by those exposed to diesel, ecological soap, and the control group. There were no statistical differences between limpets exposed to ecological soap and the control group. As was detected in all water samples, while Cd, Hg, and Pb were only found in samples from Avilés marina. These results support the hypothesis that maritime traffic may significantly contribute to the genotoxic effects of local marine fauna.

Parasite infections pose a significant threat to the health of fish and the sustainability of fisheries, impacting both the ecological balance and the economic value of marine fish populations. Despite this, comprehensive data on the prevalence of helminths in these hosts, including digenean trematodes, remain scarce in Thailand. Previous studies have focused on only a few species of marine fish and have had limited taxonomic precision in identifying the detected parasites. This study aims to fill this knowledge gap by providing baseline data on the diversity of digeneans across a variety of marine fish species. From July to August 2024, a parasitological survey was conducted in the Gulf of Thailand. More than two hundred marine fish, representing over 50 fish species, were analyzed for the presence of parasites. Each fish was dissected to search for trematodes, and isolated worms were preserved for taxonomic studies. Subsequently, the recovered trematodes were studied in the laboratory using standard parasitological techniques to determine their taxonomic status. The findings revealed that 26.4% of the fish were infected with digenean trematodes. These trematodes belonged to five families: Acanthocolpidae, Allocreadiidae, Bucephalidae, Hemiuridae, and Lepocreadiidae. Several of the reported trematodes are cited for the first time in Thailand. These results offer valuable insights into the presence and taxonomy of digenean trematodes in this understudied region. This study underscores the need for continued research to further understand the helminth communities of marine fishes in the Gulf of Thailand.

The current study aimed to examine the relative impact of dietary supplementation on the intestinal microbiota of common carp, Cyprinus carpio L., 1758. Different types of dietary supplements, including the probiotic Pediococcus acidilactici, the yeast probiotic Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and a yeast-based multi-strain prebiotic, were tested at a concentration of 0.1% (1.0 g/1 kg). A total of 96 carps with an average body weight of 932±163 g were distributed in 12 fish tanks (1000 L), with 8 fish/tank. Fish received the experimental diet for 40 days. At the end of the trial, fish feces were withdrawn and the total bacterial community in the gut of common carp was analyzed using Illumina's NGS targeting the 16S rRNA gene. The Krona phyla richness pie chart showed that 11 bacterial phyla were recorded in fish fed the yeast prebiotic, with the top 3 phyla being Fusobacteria, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria. Similarly, 10 phyla were found in fecal samples from carp fed P. acidilactici, with the top 3 phyla being Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Fusobacteria. Also, carp fed S. cerevisiae recorded nine phyla, the top three phyla being Fusobacteria, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria. However, carp fed the basal diet only showed 14 phyla, with the most abundant phyla being Fusobacteriota, Bacteroidota, and Proteobacteria. This study concluded that the examined feed supplements can cause alteration in the composition of the gut microbiome of the carps reared in a recirculating system.

Hepatic lobe torsion is an uncommon disease that has been described in various species, such as humans,
dogs, and rabbits. Torsion causes vascular occlusion that leads to hepatic necrosis and death in the worst
cases. Predisposing factors to this include external trauma, a congenital absence of hepatic ligaments, rabbit
gastrointestinal syndromes, hepatitis infection, andenvironmental stress, which have been proposed as a
risk factor for hepatic lobe torsion. The objectives of this study are to describe the histopathology grading
scores, clinicopathologic findings, and clinical presentations.
Rabbits were diagnosed from September 2022 to January 2023 (n = 20). The diagnosis was made upon clinical
presentations, physical examinations, Colour Flow Doppler (CFD), Complete Blood Count (CBC), and serum
biochemicals. Hepatic lobectomy was performed to remove the affected hepatic lobe. Samples were
processed and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E).
All rabbits had acute onset, such as depression, pale mucous membrane, and abnormal gut sounds. The
use of CFD revealed a decreased in or absence of blood flow in all cases. The gross lesion revealed severe acute
hemorrhage and hematoma. Average BUN, creatinine, ALT, AST, and heterophils were higher than normal
values. Hb, HCT, MCHC, platelets, and lymphocytes were lower than normal. All rabbits were diagnosed
with severe acute diffuse necrotic hemorrhagic hepatitis and severe coagulative necrosis. Anaemia and
thrombocytopenia were commonly presented (90%). The outcome of the percentage of survival rate after
hepatic lobectomy was (16 from 20 rabbits) 80%.
The present study demonstrated that early detection using GI signs, CFD, clinicopathologic, and hepatic
lobectomy is a crucial point in successful treatment, as is using histopathologic scores for
describing severity. For further investigation, the relationship between environmental stress from climate
change, viral transmission from humans to rabbits, and other zoonotic diseases that relate to hepatic lobe
torsion from hepatitis must be researched, and preventive measures must be found in the future.

Introduction

Mastitis, a prevalent and costly disease in dairy farming, significantly impacts milk production and quality. Early and accurate prediction of mastitis is crucial for effective herd management and minimizing economic losses. This study investigated the effects of farm-specific factors on the accuracy of mastitis predictions by applying machine learning (ML) models to AMS data.

Methods

We collected and analyzed a large dataset consisting of 2.73 million observations over the period of 2019–2022, from two dairy farms in Germany. Six ML algorithms, i.e., Logistic Regression, Support Vector Machines, Decision Tree, Random Forest, Multi-Layer Perceptron Neural Networks and Gradient Boosting Decision Tree, were applied to predict mastitis occurrence, with a focus on understanding how farm-specific factors like herd size, management practices, and farm environment influence prediction accuracy.

Results

For training and testing on both farms combined, the accuracy, sensitivity and specificity were estimated at 0.89–0.93, 0.79–0.92 and 0.89–0.93, respectively. When training and testing both individual farms separately, the accuracy, sensitivity and specificity estimates were (i) 0.85–0.93, 0.73–0.91 and 0.85–0.93 for the large farm, and (ii) 0.89–0.96, 0.63–0.89 and 0.89–0.96 for the small farm, respectively. However, after training the models on the combined dataset over a period of three years (2019–2021) and testing on each farm individually for year 2022, the accuracy, sensitivity and specificity estimates were (i) 0.78-0.94, 0.85–0.98 and 0.78–0.94 (large farm), and (ii) 0.92–0.98, 0.70–0.96 and 0.92–0.98 (small farm), respectively. The analysis determined that sensitivity scores for the large farm and accuracy, sensitivity and specificity scores for the small farm improved significantly by training models on combined data but testing each farm separately.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that training ML models on a combined database and testing with an approach tailored to each farm’s unique characteristics seem to be a feasible approach to improve mastitis prediction.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the biological characteristics and in vitro probiotic function of Lactobacillus reuteri P2M1 from swine, to determine the probiotic potential of the strain, and explore the possibility of its application in livestock production. In this study, a strain of lactic acid bacteria (P2M1) isolated from healthy pig feces was biochemically identified, and molecular biological identification was performed using bacterial 16S rDNA sequence PCR amplification and sequencing techniques. The growth curve and acid production curve of the strain were drawn to evaluate the tolerance of the strain to acid and bile salts, and the sensitivity of the strain to antibiotics was detected. The free radical-scavenging ability and extracellular polysaccharide production of the strain were determined, and then the in vitro safety test was performed to evaluate the safety of the strain to mice. The results showed that the strain P2M1 was Lactobacillus reuteri. It had the glycolysis ability, the logarithmic growth phase was 2~10 h, and the pH was stable between 4.0 and 4.1 after 20 h. It has good low-pH and bile salt tolerance, and is sensitive to common antibiotics. the DPPH, ABTS and hydroxyl radical-scavenging rates of the fermentation supernatant of the strain were significantly higher than those of the intact cell suspension (P<0.05), which were 88.79%, 93.52% and 92.15%, respectively. The yield of crude extracellular polysaccharide was 339.82 mg·L^-1. No death or organ lesions were observed in mice after intragastric administration of 0.2 mL of live Lactobacillus reuteri P2M1 solution at a concentration of 1×10⁹ CFU·mL^-1 per day for two weeks. It is concluded that Lactobacillus reuteri P2M1 has a short logarithmic growth period, rapid growth of cell concentration, high yield of extracellular polysaccharides, good probiotic and antioxidant properties, and safety in vitro, and can be used as a candidate strain for probiotic preparations.

Anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs) are biocides that disrupt normal blood clotting by inhibiting the vitamin K cycle in the liver, leading to death through internal bleeding. Although these compounds primarily target rodents, they can also pose a risk to non-target species such as nocturnal birds of prey, which often consume rodents. To investigate secondary exposure to ARs, it is essential to focus on species that specialize in hunting rodents, particularly nocturnal raptors. In addition to their rodent-based diet, nocturnal birds of prey are among the most widespread avian species in Europe and thrive in both rural and urban environments, making them ideal sentinel species for various ecotoxicological studies. While numerous studies have examined secondary AR exposure in raptors across the globe, there is still no clear evidence of impacts at the population level. This work aims to highlight how ARs have affected wild nocturnal birds of prey in Europe over the past few decades, identify the species most affected, and summarize how these compounds function, as well as the primary clinical signs or lesions observed in poisoned birds. A total of 19 studies, published between 1983 and 2021, were included in this review, meeting all the selection criteria. These 19 studies provided 44 observations of various species and covered eight types of anticoagulant rodenticides. Moving forward, greater care should be taken in the use of anticoagulants for rodent control in areas where avian predators may consume poisoned prey. Some ARs can be extremely toxic to predators, posing a significant risk to species already facing threats, underscoring the need for new, environmentally friendly alternatives.

Environmental state systems play a major role in environmental conservation and biodiversity preservation. The lack of policy-wide interventions across ASEAN countries, along with the proliferation of "built environment" scenarios, has created invisible conflict with wildlife and biodiversity hotspots. For a long period of time since the establishment of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), there has been no accelerated process for fixing regulatory practices as environmental states are often contested or there may be a lack of collaborative action among multi-stakeholders. This work assesses the developments and foreground of the rationale for more conscious planning concerning the ecological environment, including enhancing the governance landscape. The methodology in this research incorporates a scenario analysis and phenomena assessment across diverse ASEAN countries such as Malaysia and Indonesia. The assessment in this study highlights the saddening scenario of health threats to wildlife, ecological systems, and marine systems. Additionally, the built environment conditions in SEA further expedite the transitioning of climate change effects and other potential diseases due to a lack of hygiene or care for safety. Environmental state systems are perceived to be a useful concept in this study to forward agendas where health, well-being, and equity for wildlife, biodiversity, or human–nature systems are effectively managed. This work will be useful for interdisciplinary scientists, researchers, and scholars studying environmental policy subjects.

In our research work, we used type-Y chicken antibodies in treatment and prevention of pasteurellosis in horses. Currently, our knowledge and experience of chicken antibodies use to fight variety of human and animal disease of different ethologies is growing. In September 2022, five Karabakh horses were transformed to a zoo in Baku from Horse factory located 320 km away. One horse died on the third day after the arrival. Bacterial investigation of parenchymal organs indicated Pasteurella multocida. As a preventing treatment for other horses, we used an intramuscular injection medicament of immunoglobulins IgY, extracted from fowl egg yolk, hyperimmunised with Pastanarm-8 containing antigen Pasteurellosis. The purpose of the research is to study the use of type-Y immunoglobulins, extracted from chicken egg yolk, hyperimmunised with a vaccine against pasteurellosis of agricultural animals.
1 yo chickens are hyperimmunised with Pastanarm-8 vaccine, containing eight antigens of various infection triggers, Pasteurellosis among them. After extraction of the immunoglobulins by deposition with ammonium sulphate and then distilled water dialysis, by Bradford method, we found that in 1ml solution there are 50 mg of immunoglobulins. The solution is intramuscularly injected to each horse in a doze of 160 ml.
Daily thermometry and clinical tracking of the horses showed that deviation from the norm started to disappear from the second day. However, problems were discovered in the neighbouring paddock, containing sheep and goat, that were served by the same personal. Two sheep died. Clinical and laboratory research shoed that pastorales was the cause. Methodic action to liquidate Pasteurellosis among the zoo animals were taken immediately. After 14 days, an all inclusive Pastanarm-8 vaccination was conducted. Pasteurellosis epizootic among the zoo animals was eliminated. Successful use of chicken immunoglobulins in prevention of Pasteurellosis indicates that it is possible to use it as an alternative to horse serum, which has several negative features.

Toxoplasmosis is a significant public health concern, primarily associated with consuming raw or undercooked dairy products. However, there is limited knowledge concerning the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in dairy cattle slaughtered in high-throughput abattoirs intended for human consumption in South Africa. This study aimed to determine the seropositivity of toxoplasmosis in dairy cattle slaughtered at three high-throughput abattoirs. In 2023, 150 blood samples were randomly collected from dairy cattle at three high-throughput abattoirs in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. The seropositivity was significantly higher in abattoir B (East London), which had 30% positive dairy cattle. No significant difference was observed in abattoirs A (Port Elizabeth) and C (Queenstown). In animals younger than 3 years, 22% were infected with t. gondii. The Friesland breed showed more susceptibility than jersey and crossbreed breeds. The chi-square test was used to determine associations between the prevalence of toxoplasmosis, where low seropositivity resulted from the data, showing the disease to be less likely to occur. This research represents one of the few studies on the seropositivity of T. gondii in dairy cattle in South Africa. While the prevalence of infection was found to be low from the seropositivity results of the dairy animals, our findings underscore the potential public health implications associated with T. gondii in dairy cattle based on the low level of knowledge on the disease. The study results were found to be less significant; the null hypothesis was accepted. Recognizing the significance of T. gondii infection in dairy products is critical. This study contributes to our understanding of the prevalence of T. gondii in South African dairy cattle, highlighting the need for continued monitoring and control measures to ensure the safety of dairy products for consumers.