Q fever epidemiology in ruminants was established, but the contribution of other species (including pets) is still controversial. In fact, this species, like cats, can be involved (even if rarely) in the transmission of Q fever to humans. In this work, we investigated the exposure and molecular prevalence of Q fever in the dog population of Campania, southern Italy. A total of 268 serum and 197 whole blood samples were collected from different categories of dogs. A multi-species ELISA was first used to assess the presence of antibodies, and, only on positive animals, further ELISA (phases I and II) and immunofluorescence assays were performed. About 6% of animals had specific antibodies against Coxiella burnetii, even if only four dogs tested positive in phase-specific ELISAs. The evaluation of risk factors did not identify any risk factors correlated with higher seroprevalences. A total of five blood samples were positive (real-time PCR), even though only two were confirmed by end-point PCR and sequencing. The sequencing revealed the similarity of the isolates with other strains described in dogs, in dog’s ticks, and ruminants in the same study area. In this study, we demonstrated how dogs are also exposed to Coxiella burnetii. Moreover, we demonstrated how surveillance of this pathogen is important at various levels and in different populations.

Evidence of SARS-CoV-2 exposure has been reported across the world in a variety of animal species, including pets. Pets are particularly predisposed to contracting the virus due to their close contact with their owners. This occurrence was common during the COVID pandemic. Recent evidence has proven that dogs are less susceptible to this virus than cats, and usually they produce antibodies rather than shed the virus after contagion. In this work, the seroprevalence of SARS CoV-2 was determined in hunting and stray dogs in Campania, southern Italy. A total of 112 dogs without any symptoms were included and tested with two distinct commercial ELISAs. In total, 5 of 112 animals (4.6%) tested positive. All the antibody-positive animals were stray animals. Each animal's feces and blood were examined using a real-time PCR that targeted two different coding regions. No animal tested positive in molecular investigations, indicating dogs' passive role in this infection when they do not exhibit clinical symptoms. Pets have been, and continue to be, prone to SARS-CoV-2 infection as a result of their close relationship with humans. This study assessed the seroprevalence of shelter dogs in southern Italy. The findings demonstrate a presence of SARS CoV-2 in this dog community, leading to the conclusion that contact with infected humans is sufficient to transfer the virus to dogs.

Lyme disease is a tick-borne infection caused by borrelia bacteria with essential implications for animals, humans, and the environment. This disease is transmitted to humans by infected blood-feeding ticks of the Ixodes genus. The disease is characterized by a red rash on the skin known as erythema migrans (EM) and leads to serious conditions if left untreated. Lyme disease is a chief example of the interconnectedness of animals, humans, and the environment. The rise of Lyme disease as a public health threat emphasizes the need for collaborative One Health approaches for the effective management of diseases. A One Health approach addresses the nature of the disease by considering human health, animal health, and ecological factors. Early detection of disease is a critical component of One Health. The use of advanced technologies such as AI by employing computer vision and a convolutional neural network (CNN) to identify ticks that are carriers of Lyme disease will enhance epidemiological surveillance and disease management strategies. Tick control measures using a One Health approach are crucial in mitigating Lyme disease. Tick control measures include the knowledge of ecological processes that affect tick populations, the development of sustainable interventions, and the promotion of public health awareness through research on ticks' behavior and disease transmission. The role of One Health in controlling Lyme disease cannot be ignored. One Health has the potential to significantly reduce the risk of Lyme disease in affected populations by implementing collaborative efforts such as surveillance, interdisciplinary research, and intervention strategies.

Bacteria of the genera Anaplasma and Ehrlichia, both belonging to the family Anaplasmataceae, are obligate intracellular, Gram-negative bacteria. Rhipicephalus sanguineus and Ixodes ricinus ticks act as vectors for these pathogens. R. sanguineus is typically found in Mediterranean areas, while I. ricinus is referred to as the “winter tick” due to its preference for cooler climates. Currently, diagnostic techniques are predominantly focused on pathogens affecting canines, which presents a significant challenge in the detection of infectious diseases in felines. Serological cross-reactivity between certain microorganisms is a potential concern, and clinicians do not usually have access to suitable tests for cat-specific pathogens.

The objective of this study was to assess the seroprevalence of Ehrlichia canis and Anaplasma phagocytophilum in feral cats (Felis silvestris catus) in the community of Madrid using serological techniques such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) tests. The influence of environmental factors and the most appropriate diagnostic method for this species were also determined. Blood from 293 cats was collected in four sampling areas in Madrid: Las Rozas, Arroyomolinos, Fuenlabrada, and Torrelodones, between February and October, 2022.

The results indicate that 51% of the cats tested positive for Ehrlichia canis IFAT, 5.46% were positive by byELISA, and 3.75% by both tests. For Anaplasma phagocytophilum, 34.47% tested positive by IFAT, 3.41% by ELISA, and 3.07% by both methods. The highest seroprevalence for both pathogens was observed in Torrelodones, particularly during spring, in young adult male cats.

This study confirms the circulation of E. canis and A. phagocytophilum in feral cats in Madrid. It also highlights a higher seroprevalence detected using IFAT, which showed low concordance with the ELISA technique. However, molecular diagnostics are needed to determine its reliability in feline species.

In Peru, dairy farming is a key industry, providing significant employment and contributing to the economy. In 2020, Peru produced over 2 million tons of fresh cow's milk, with a steady annual growth of around 5.77%. To date, an evaluation of the protein beta-Casein with its A1 and A2 variants has not been conducted in cattle populations from northern Peru. Here, we collected blood samples for DNA extraction from 100 female Brown Swiss individuals from the geographical department of Piura. A specific primer was used for DNA amplification for sequencing using the Sanger method. The results revealed a prevalence of A1 and A2 alleles in the local Brown Swiss population. A total of 16.13% had the A1A1 genotype, 44.09% had the A1/A2 genotype, and 39.78% had the A2/A2 genotype. This study also highlights the importance of improving milk quality and the role of A2 milk in responding to emerging health concerns. However, challenges such as socioeconomic barriers, a lack of knowledge, and insufficient technical support hinder the adoption of A2 milk production technologies. For long-term success, the involvement of farmers, consumer awareness, and support from the government, public institutions, and the private sector are necessary. The growing demand for A2 milk calls for strategic marketing, producer training, and the formation of business associations to boost competitiveness and meet market needs, while ensuring small producers are not negatively impacted by this shift. We hope this work stimulates a constant evaluation of cows in the Peruvian dairy industry, aiming to develop modern breeding programs that favor mainly small-scale producers.

Cattle in Arequipa are mainly used for milk and beef production, and agricultural labor, representing an important component in the economic sector. On the other hand, during at least the last 150 years, farmers in Arequipa selected their cattle based on docility and fighting skills due to cultural traditions. It is worth mentioning this tradition does not involve cattle injury. Our previous molecular work showed that these individuals known as “Arequipa Fighting Bull” (AFB) belong to a different population, demonstrating that these individuals very likely correspond to another breed. However, very little is known about the productive traits of this population. We collected hair follicle samples from 95 AFB individuals to perform a genomic profile using the Igenity Beef tests (males + females) and Igenity Basic tests (females only). DNA extraction was carried out on all samples; however, only 60 individuals (28 females, F, and 32 males, M) were suitable for molecular work. To obtain the genetic profile, an analysis was performed using SNP markers through Igenity Beef and Igenity Basic. Multiple correspondence analysis grouped individuals based on their Igenity Beef rank; that is, bottom 25%, maternal, terminal, and top 25%. Individuals PBT_ARE 013 (F) and PBT_ARE 012 (M) scored the highest on the Igenity Production index. That is, they possess good maternal traits with gain and carcass characteristics. The Igenity Basic genomic test resolved three groups of female individuals. Moreover, this test reported that BB, the most favorable genotype, is present in very low frequency (5%). PBT_ARE 024 possesses the best dairy yield traits (fat and protein). This study represents the first assessment of production traits of the AFB. We expect these results to provide insights for establishing a modern cattle breeding program in Arequipa, optimizing beef and dairy production and promoting sustainable development in the Peruvian livestock industry.

Fixed-Time Artificial Insemination (FTAI) protocols are crucial for improving Bos indicus cattle. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of high long-acting progesterone (pre-synch) doses in FTAI protocols and its impact on pregnancy rate (PR) in Bos indicus cattle. Brahman cows (n=100) were randomly divided into two groups, FTAI-C (C; conventional-protocol; n= 50) and FTAI-P4 (PP4; experimental-Pre-Synch-protocol, using high long-acting progesterone (P4) dose; n=50). A concentration of 200 mg of P4 was applied on Day -8 of the PP4 protocol. On Day 0, the progesterone device (CIDR-1.38 g intravaginal) and Estradiol Benzoate (E2B= 2.0 mg I.M.) were applied in both protocols. On Day 8, the cows received PGF2α (500 µg D-cloprostenol I.M.) + eCG (400 I.U., I.M.) + Estradiol cypionate (E2C= 1 mg I.M.). The CIDR was removed 12h later. Cows showed estrus at 36h post-CIDR removal and the FTAI was performed at 52h (cows showing estrus) and 60h (cows without estrus + GnRH application: 2,500 I.U.). Ovarian evaluation was performed on Day -8 (application of long-acting P4), Day 0 (CIDR application), Day 8 (implant removal), and Day 10 (estrus). PR was evaluated on Day 40. Ovarian diameter (OD), number of follicles (NFLs) follicle diameter (FLD), number of corpora lutea (NCL), and diameter of corpora lutea (CLD) were scored. Data were analyzed by GLMM (SPSS® 25, IBM Corp., USA). No differences were observed between C and PP4 regarding OD, FLD, NFL, CLD, and NCL on Day -8 (p> 0.05); however, differences were observed in OD, NFL, and CLD on Day 0 (p< 0.05). Differences were observed in OD, NFL, FLD, and CLD between protocols on Day 8 and in OD and CLD on Day 10 (p< 0.05). Finally, no differences between C (23/50; PR= 46%) and PP4 (31/50; PR= 62%) were observed (p= 0.06). In conclusion, ovarian structures were similar in both protocols. Although PR slightly improved when using the PP4-pre-Synch protocol, differences between protocols were not significant in Bos indicus cattle. This study was supported by DIRGI-CP2022-005.

To align the dairy industry with public opinion, it is essential to understand perceptions of natural living versus animal welfare. One sustainable farming practice is the use of photovoltaic panels for dual purposes: generating electricity and providing shade to dairy cows. This study explores public perceptions regarding shade provision for dairy cows raised on pasture. We received 200 responses from the general public in southeastern Brazil through an online questionnaire that included sociodemographic questions and a three-point Likert scale. Participants were randomly assigned to one of two situations: the Silvopastoral System (SPS, n=100), where cows have access to shade from trees or the Agrivoltaic System (AgriPV, n=100), where cows have access to shade from photovoltaic panels. Data were analyzed descriptively, and the results are presented as percentages. Percentages were calculated by dividing the number of responses in each Likert scale by the total number of responses and multiplying by 100. The participants were predominantly women (52%), were aged between 18 and 35 years old (53%), had an undergraduate degree (90%) and lived in an urban area (85%). Regardless of their situation, most participants had a positive perception toward raising cows on pasture (SPS: 90%; AgriPV: 81%) and their welfare (SPS: 89%; AgriPV: 76%). Most (82%) viewed the SPS as a natural environment, while perceptions of AgriPV varied, with 38% seeing it as artificial and 35% being neutral. Interestingly, 64% of the participants believed that cows on the SPS are unlikely to feel fear, while perceptions of AgriPV varied, with 35% stating that cows can feel fear and 33% believing they are unlikely to. Meanwhile, 73% believe that cows are likely to experience happiness in the SPS, compared to 50% in AgriPV. We conclude that participants value access to pasture but prioritize the natural environment provided by trees, as it is associated with positive emotional experiences.

The global demand for animal protein is rising rapidly, driven by population growth and changing dietary preferences. Meeting this demand requires innovative strategies to improve animal nutrition while addressing environmental sustainability and resource efficiency challenges. Traditional feed ingredients such as soy and fishmeal are associated with environmental concerns, including deforestation and overfishing. As a result, there is a growing interest in alternative, sustainable feed ingredients to ensure future food security.
This review highlights advancements in sustainable feed ingredients, focusing on novel protein sources, functional additives, and innovative feed formulations. Insects, algae, and single-cell proteins have emerged as promising alternatives due to their high protein content, lower ecological footprint, and ability to utilize organic waste streams. Additionally, agricultural by-products such as rice bran, wheat middlings, and brewery waste are being repurposed into animal feed, reducing food waste and promoting circular economy principles.
The inclusion of functional feed additives such as probiotics, prebiotics, and phytogenics further enhances nutrient utilization and animal health, reducing the reliance on antibiotics and improving overall productivity. Advances in feed processing technologies, such as precision fermentation and enzymatic hydrolysis, have also improved these novel ingredients' digestibility and nutritional profile.
However, challenges remain in terms of scalability, regulatory acceptance, and consumer perceptions of alternative feed ingredients. This review explores these hurdles and emphasizes the need for interdisciplinary collaboration among researchers, policymakers, and industry stakeholders to overcome them.

Sustainable feed ingredients not only hold the potential to transform animal nutrition but also contribute significantly to reducing the environmental impact of livestock production. By embracing these advancements, the livestock industry can achieve a balance between productivity and sustainability, paving the way for a resilient and sustainable food system.

Advancements in animal genetics and genomics have significantly transformed our understanding of livestock and wildlife biology, providing powerful tools for enhancing productivity, disease resistance, and overall animal health. Through genomic technologies, such as next-generation sequencing, genome-wide association studies (GWASs), and gene editing techniques, researchers are able to identify, map, and modify genes linked to key traits, enabling more precise and efficient breeding programs. In livestock production, genomic selection allows for the rapid identification of animals with desirable traits, such as higher milk yield, lean meat production, or improved feed efficiency, helping to meet the demands of a growing global population while minimizing environmental impact. In addition to production gains, genomics plays a pivotal role in enhancing animal resilience against diseases. Identifying genetic markers associated with disease resistance enables selective breeding for healthier livestock populations, reducing dependency on antibiotics and leading to more sustainable farming practices. Gene editing technologies, such as CRISPR, offer further potential to introduce beneficial traits or eliminate hereditary diseases, accelerating genetic improvement in ways previously unattainable through traditional breeding.

Moreover, genomics has crucial applications in wildlife conservation, providing insights into genetic diversity, population structure, and evolutionary adaptations. These insights guide conservation efforts to protect endangered species, mitigate the impact of habitat loss, and preserve biodiversity. The integration of genomics into animal breeding and conservation represents a critical step towards achieving sustainable animal production systems and biodiversity conservation.

This review explores the advancements, applications, and ethical considerations in animal genetics and genomics, highlighting the transformative potential of these technologies in modern agriculture and conservation.