Abstract:Surfactants are a class of chemical compounds with unique properties, structure of which is consisted of hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts. This double structure gives rise to their unique behaviors in various conditions. Bolaforms are organic molecules compounds of two charged groups which are connected via a linear poly methylen chain.Bolaforms\' surfactants don\'t work as well as Conventional surfactant (having a head group and one alkyl chain) in reducing surface tension. Bolaforms are absorbed in water – air interface, however, their effectiveness in terms of reducing water surface tension is not considerable compared to common surfactants. In this study, synthesis of two kinds of bolaforms which the same spacer length and different heads is investigated. The structural formula for synthesized kinds is as follows: bolaform A with structural formula Br^-(CH₃)₃N⁺(CH₂)₃ N⁺(CH₃)_­3 Br ^{– ­}with methyl side branches in head group and bolaform B with structural formula of Br^-(CH₃ CH₂)₃N⁺(CH₂)₃ N⁺(CH₃ CH₂)₃Br ^{–. IR and NMR identification techniques approves obtained product. Using surface tension measurement device it can be observed that synthesized bolaforms have high CMC; in other words, bolaform\'s surfactants with short spacer play electrolytic role.}

Di-substituted silanetellurones, X₂Si=Te (X=H, F, Cl, Br, I and CN) are the target of this research. They are organometallic analogues, also known as heavy ketones, and they have recently been of great interest to researchers. Knowledge of the properties of such heavy ketones is important for a better understanding of both the chalcogen and substituent effects. The chemistry of multi-bonded compounds between group 14 and heavier chalcogen atoms has attracted chemists in various fields, as these molecules have proven to be convenient models for studying fundamental chemical problems and valuable intermediate products in synthesis. However, the literature of the mentioned species is limited and this research work endeavors a systematic investigation of these silanetellurones, using theoretical methods. We report the structural and spectroscopic parameters as well as the ionization potentials (IP_ad and IP_ad(ZPVE)), the neutral–anion separations (EA_ad and EA_ad(ZPVE)), the singlet–triplet splittings, the Kohn-Sham HOMO–LUMO gaps besides the nucleophilicity (N) and global electrophilicity (ω) indices. Since experimental data are still lacking for silanetellurones, the findings of this work would add to the literature, assist experimentalists to generate and further explore these novel species as well as rationalize some reactions pertaining to silanetellurones.

The hypothesis of vector alignment should allow for the rational design of intensely colored conjugated organic dyes by providing a means of predicting the structures that provide a straight path for the π electrons to move across the entire molecule in response to perturbation by a passing photon.

Camellia oil is used in cooking and soap making. The relative composition of the fatty acid components of the triglycerides is studied by NMR in Camellia Reticulata and Camellia Japonica.

The fluoroscent dyes are used as probes for the detection of heavy metal ions, aminoacids and other biomolecules in recent years. Some of these dyes, including Nile Blue deivatives, which belong to the benzophenoxazine family, fluoresce at near the far visible-near infrared region with minimum interference from absrption scattering and reduced risk of photodecomposition.¹ As previously reported by our group,^2,3 benzo[a]phenoxazinium dyes are involved in an acid-base equilibra where the 5-amino position is the main site of deprotection.⁴ The quantum yield of the basic form is almost ten times lower than the cationic acid form. This has an impact in the overall fluorosence quantum yield. In continuation of our research intrests,2-4 the present work describes the study of fluoresence quantum yileds of pure cationic forms by shifting the acid-base equilibria with the addition of a strong acid. The photophysical behaviour of these novel compounds in AOT/cyclohenxane/water w/o microemulsions as a function of water content will also be discussed. Acknowledgements: Thanks are due to Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (Portugal) for its financial support of a BPD to B. R. Raju (SFRH/BPD/62881/2009), Centro de Quimica and Centro de Fisica (Universidade do Minho). The NMR Spectro meter Bruker Avance III 400 is part of the National NMR Network, and was purchased in the framework of the National Program for Scientific Re-equipment, contract REDE/1517/RMN/2005 with funds from POCI 2010 (FEDER) and FCT. Refrences: 1. Goncalves, M. S. T. Chem. Rev. 2009, 109, 190. 2. Alves, C. M. A.; Naik, S.; Coutinho, P. J. G. Goncalves, M. S. T. Tetrahedron 2009, 65, 10441. 3. Alves, C. M. A.; Naik, S.; Coutinho, P. J. G. Goncalves, M. S. T. Tetrahedron Lett. 2011, 52, 112. 4. Naik, S.; Alves, C. M. A.; Coutinho, P. J. G. Goncalves, M. S. T. Euro. J. Org. Chem. 2011, 13, 2491.

A new class of β-amino alcohol and diamine ligands has been prepared from isosorbide as a chiral renewable source. The efficiency of these ligands has been evaluated for the metal-catalyzed enantioselective reduction of aromatic ketones by transfer hydrogenation, giving excellent conversion and good enantioselectivity.

A rapid and efficient procedure for the synthesis of N-arylamines by aromatic nucleophilic substitution of activated as well as unactivated aryl halides with various amines using solvent-free microwaves activation under green chemistry conditions was described. Good to excellent yields were obtained in very short reaction time.

In this research, a new series of substituted 4H- pyrans and 4H-chromenes derivatives has been synthesized at ambient temperature in the presence of catalytic amount of sodium carbonate (20 mol %) via one-pot three-component cyclocondensation reactions of malononitrile, dialkylacetylenedicarboxylates and 1,3-diketones in ethanol under ultrasound irradiation. The synergistic effect of MCRs and ultrasound has been successfully demonstrated to offer an easy way for the synthesis of these compounds in excellent yields.

We report herein that acylals can be prepared very fast and in excellent yields by the direct condensation of aldehydes with acetic anhydride under solvent-free condition by employing of a mesoporous derivatized Mobile Crystalline Material, MCM-41-SO₃H as heterogeneous catalyst at room temperature.

Nano-ordered MCM-41 anchored sulfonic acid (MCM-41-SO3H) was found to be an efficient catalyst for condensation of indoles with various carbonyl compounds to afford the corresponding bis(indolyl)methanes in high yields under solvent-free conditions using ball milling at room temperature.