The nano-sized complexes usage in biomedical applications has grown significantly over the past ten years, nanoparticles are now a significant contributor to the advancement and revolution of medical applications. Particles with a size range of 1 to 100 nm exhibit novel and distinctive electrical, optical, photoresponsive, and catalytic capabilities, which may be the primary drivers driving this revolution. The radiolabelling of nanoparticles refers to the process of incorporating radioactive isotopes into nanoparticles. This technique enables the nanoparticles to be tracked, imaged and monitored using various imaging techniques, such as single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/PET. Radiolabelling plays a crucial role in understanding the biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, and targeted delivery of nanoparticles in biological systems. In this study Selenium based nanoparticles (SeNPs) are explored for imaging and therapeutic potential as radio tracers due to their size, surface and kinetics, as well as their ability to be functionalized.

The ^99mTc radionuclide was used to radio labelled the naturally isolated selenium NP using conventional radio chemistry protocol. The radiolabeling yield was found 94.5±3% and analysed by various analytical tools. The synthesized ^99mTc-SeNPs was asses through in-vitro stability and their biodistribution was performed in-vivo over wistar rate at different time point. The investigation at post 6 hours revealed an accumulation that was mostly found in the liver and lungs (at 3.4% ID/g and 2.2% ID/g, respectively). These ^99mTc-SeNPs can be used for this property for imaging via SPECT.

Flame retardants play a crucial role in mitigating the hazards associated with fires by impeding their ignition and spread. However, conventional halogen-based flame retardants have encountered environmental and health concerns due to their persistence, bioaccumulation, and potential toxicity. In light of these concerns, the present study aimed to develop innovative compounds with potential application as flame retardant system that mitigates the drawbacks associated with halogen-based compounds. Several phosphoramidates were synthesized in a single step under mild conditions from the H-phosphonate dibenzo[1,3,2]dioxaphosphepine-6-oxide (BPPO), following a method based on the oxidation of the reactant in the presence of a suitable aliphatic or aromatic amine. The compounds were isolated with high purity and the formulations were confirmed by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy.

The phosphonates 6-methoxy-6H-dibenzo[1,2]oxaphosphinine-6-oxide and 6-(allyloxy)-6H-dibenzo[1,2]oxaphosphinine 6-oxide were synthesized in a single step under mild conditions from the H-phosphinate 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO), following a method based on the oxidation with I₂ of the reactant in the presence of the reactant alcohol as solvent and triethylamine as base. The compounds, of potential interest in the field of non-halogenated flame retardants, were isolated with high purity and the formulations were confirmed by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy.

Pentacyclic triterpenic acids with an ursane structure, possessing a polyhydroxylated A-ring (such as corosolic and asiatic acids), are found in many medicinal plants and are components of various fruits, berries, and vegetables. These phytochemical substances exhibit a wide range of beneficial biological properties, among which their multifunctional anti-cancer activity and the ability to initiate the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis in various types of tumor cells are particularly intriguing. Additionally, as an integral part of the diet, these phytochemicals may contribute to the prevention of human oncological diseases. However, the limited penetration of triterpenic acids through cell membranes due to their high hydrophobicity restricts them from reaching their target and exerting the necessary therapeutic effect in animal models. To address this issue, we chemically linked corosolic and asiatic acids, as well as a synthetic polyoxygenated analog of ursolic acid, via an alkyl linker to the cationic mitochondria-directed compound F16 (4-(1H-indol-3-ylvinyl)-N-methylpyridinium iodide). The resulting conjugates were tested for cytotoxic activity against two human lung adenocarcinoma cell lines, H1299 and A549, and non-cancerous mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells. For comparison, the cytotoxicity of ursolic acid and a previously synthesized F16 derivative of ursolic acid were investigated on these cell lines. The results showed that the conjugation of triterpenic acids with the terminal cationic fragment of F16 in the C-28 side chain significantly amplified (by 27-36 times) cytotoxicity compared to ursolic acid. However, the introduction of additional hydroxyl or acetyl functions into the A-ring led to a slight reduction in cytotoxic effect. For instance, concerning the tumor cell line H1299, the IC₅₀ cytotoxicity values for the F16 conjugates with ursolic, corosolic and asiatic acids were 2.80 μM, 4.01 μM, and 13.51 μM, respectively. Among the studied compounds, the F16 derivative of corosolic acid, compound 4, showed the highest difference in selectivity between tumor A549 cells and mouse fibroblasts MEFs (selectivity index SI = 3.6).

Aminonitriles are heterocyclic compounds commonly used as intermediates in the synthesis of various compounds, but which have versatility in physiological processes, with peculiar characteristics and high biological value that still needs to be investigated with greater avidity. Given this perspective, the present study aimed to determine the probability of substituted aminonitriles interacting with classes of pharmacological targets in the human body. For this, 8 unpublished aminonitriles (HAN-1 to HAN-8) were synthesized and used in the in silico prediction of the compounds, using the Molinspiration software, where the potentiality of the substances to act as a G Protein Coupled Receptor (GPCR) ligand was evaluated. , ion channel modulator, kinase inhibitor, nuclear receptor ligand, protease inhibitor and enzyme inhibitor. Thus, it was observed that the molecules showed considerable bioactivity in 100% for GPCR ligand (-0.27 to -0.5), 87.5% as enzyme inhibitor (-0.33 to -0.49), 75 % as a kinase inhibitor (-0.39 to -0.5), 62.5% as an ion channel modulator (-0.3 to -0.47) and as a protease inhibitor (-0.45 to -0 .49) and 37.5% as nuclear receptor ligand (-0.43 to -0.46). The computational analysis carried out in this study indicated that the HAN-4 and HAN-6 molecules were the only ones that reached a considerable activity score for all classes of proposed pharmacological targets, thus being the most promising to be possible therapeutic tools, being necessary , yet, advances in studies, such as the performance of pre-clinical and clinical tests to verify its real bioactivity.

Heterocyclic derivatives of hormones have attracted great interest as a privileged scaffold for drug discovery due to their outstanding biological activity. A number of them are potent anticancer agents, which are used in the chemotherapy of breast and prostate cancers. Here, the data obtained by the authors in the field of studying functionalized thiohydrazides as simple “versatile agents” for the installation of heterocyclic moiety to the steroid core are summarized. Namely, a flexible synthetic approach to unknown pyrazole, 1,3,4-thiadiazole, thiadiazine, and pyridazine derivatives of steroids with selective control of heterocyclization patterns are discussed. The anticancer activity of synthesized compounds against breast and prostate cancer cell lines, along with lead-compounds in-depth characterization are included.

Study of triatomic phenols, especially pyrogallol and its derivatives is currently relevant in the world. With chloacetyloride of pyrogallol the reaction was studied if different solvents and formed UV, IR and chromatographis examinations of the compund were performed.

To continue our research on catalytic aminomethylation, we studied the effect of catalysts on this reaction involving aliphatic and aromatic amines. We have developed an effective method for the production of cyclic and acyclic carbamide-containing compounds. It is based on the reaction between amines and 1,3-bis[dimethylamino(hydroxy)methyl](thio)urea, prepared in situ from urea or thiourea and bis(dimethylamino)methane or formaldehyde in the presence of NiCl₂•6H₂O, or CuCl₂ •2H₂O, and SmCl₃•6H₂O as catalysts.

A biologically effective study regarding the synthesis of a library of hybrids based on 1,2,4-triazole, propanamides and piperidine was performed. The targeted hybrids, 9a-9l, were synthesized through multistep protocol followed by a comparison of conventional and microwave assisted methodologies. Initially the carboxylate 3 was synthesized by the room temperature stirring of 4-methoxybenzenesulfonyl chloride (1) and ethyl isonipecotate (2). Carboxylate was converted into carbohydrazide 4, which was refluxed with phenyl isothiocyanate and KOH to synthesize 1,2,4-triazole (5). A series of propanamides 8a-8l were stirred at room temperature with compound 5 to avail the targeted library of hybrids 9a-9l. All the designed hybrids were screened for antioxidant, urease, acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) and butyryl cholinesterase (BChE) inhibition potential. All the compounds were found active with variable potential. The best antioxidant agent was compound 9c with IC₅₀ value 45.2±0.15, AChE inhibitor 9e (63.27±1.21), anti-urease agents were 9g (20.2±0.21) and 9k (19.2±0.09) and BChE inhibitors were 9d (15.5±0.39) and 9e (15.9±0.67). The computational and BSA binding studies of selected synthesized compounds against urease, BChE, AChE enzymes were carried out to elaborate the strong and weak enzymes inhibition potential through binding forces of synthesized compounds with the active sites of enzymes.

The synthesis of α-hydroxyphosphonates and their derivatives attracted much attention due to their potential biological activities with broad applications as synthetic intermediates. They exhibit a variety of interesting and useful properties that make them attractive as herbicides, antibiotics, pesticides, antiviral and anticancer agents.

One of the current primary challenges is the development of synthetic methods that are environmentally friendly, aiming to design green chemical transformations and clean technologies. In this context, the utilization of microwave irradiation to expedite reactions has proven to be a particularly crucial tool in achieving the goals of green chemistry, which include waste minimization and reduced energy requirements.

In addition to the use of microwaves as a green method, Lewis catalysts have also piqued the interest of scientists due to their high utility in rapidly and selectively generating new products. Microwave activation, characterized by intense heating of the reaction combined with solid catalysis, offers advantages such as reusability, recoverability, and high selectivity, making it an excellent choice for synthetic methods.

As part of our research program aimed at developing highly efficient methods for synthesizing diverse phosphonate derivatives, our focus has centered on combining microwave irradiation with the utilization of the Lewis catalyst BiCl₃ to achieve a green synthesis of a series of α-hydroxyphosphonates.