Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are mainly produced by the mitochondria under both physiological and pathological conditions. Their production is based on both enzymatic and non-enzymatic reactions. Oxidative stress is therefore caused by an imbalance between the production and accumulation ROS in cells and the ability of the biological system to detoxify them. If left unchecked, it can accelerate aging and induce neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases, and even cancer. ROS may therefore contribute to tumor induction and survival, as well as to treatment resistance [15], but their consistently high levels have a cytotoxic effect, which may be helpful in anticancer therapy. The aim of the study was to assess the activity of genes associated with oxidative stress in endometrial cancer. The study included 45 patients with endometrioid endometrial cancer and 45 without neoplastic changes. The expression profile of genes associated with oxidative stress was determined with mRNA microarrays, and RT-qPCR. A one-way ANOVA with the following Tukey’s post hoc test revealed that out of 600 mRNAs representing oxidative stress-related genes, the number of mRNAs differentiating each cancer grade from the control was as follows: G1 vs. C, 56 mRNAs; G2 vs. C, 112 mRNAs; G3 vs. C, 118 mRNA (p < 0.05; FC > 2 or FC < −2). Further analysis indicated that 17 mRNAs were characteristic of G1 cancer, 48 mRNAs for G2 cancer and 56 mRNAs for G3 cancer. In addition, the expression of 25 mRNAs significantly changed regardless of endometrial cancer grade.The next step involved the overrepresentation test for these 25 common mRNAs representing 18 genes and the selection of the “cellular response to reactive oxygen species” biological process and its subprocesses. The experiment showed that AQP1, CYBA, MELK, PKD2, PRDX2 were significantly overexpressed in endometrial cancer, while ATP2B4, FOXO1, KCNMA1, KLF2, PRNP, SNCA, SOD3, THBS1, and TXNIP were downregulated.

Semaphorin 3F (SEMA3F) plays a substantial role in carcinogenesis, because of its role in inducing angiogenesis, and creating a microenvironment for the developing tumor. The purpose of this work was to assess the impact of cisplatin, depending on the concentra- tion and exposure time on the expression pattern of SEMA3F in an endometrial cancer cell line. Cultures of the Ishikawa endometrial cancer cells were incubated with cispla- tin with the following concentrations: 2.5μM; 5μM; and 10μM and for the following periods of time: 12; 24; and 48 hours. Cells not incubated with the drug constituted the control in the experiment. To determine the effect of cisplatin on the expression of SEMA3F, the real-time quantitative reverse tran- scription reaction (RtqPCR; mRNA) was used, as well as the ELISA assay (protein). The statistical analysis was done with the admission of p<0.05. The silencing of SEMA3F expression on the transcriptome and proteome levels in a culture unexposed to the effects of cisplatin in comparison to endometrial cancer cells under the influence of cisplatin (p<0.05) were noted. Along with an increase in the concentration of the drug used, the num- ber of copies of the gene transcript, during the shortest incubation period had a gradual increase. Only for the highest concentration of the drug, substantial statistical differences in the expression of the SEMA3F protein between 24 and 48 hour incubation periods (p<0.05) were determined. Using cisplatin in an endometrial cancer cell culture results in an increased expression of SEMA3F, which advantageously affects the normalization of the neoplastic angiogenic process and lowers the proliferation of the cells making up the mass of the tumor.

Oxidation of DNA results in the formation of hydrolyzed DNA bases, which impairs cell growth by altering the gene expression profile and promoting the occurrence of gene mutations. In addition, damage to the DNA structure may occur, which promotes the formation of cancer. Reactive oxygen species (ROS). may therefore contribute to tumor induction and survival, as well as to treatment resistance [15], but their consistently high levels have a cytotoxic effect, which may be helpful in anticancer therapy [16]. The potential relationship of ROS with microRNAs (miRNAs) is also interesting. These non-coding RNA molecules post-transcriptionally modulate gene expression and can act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors, affecting cancer development, metastasis or survival. The aim of the study was to assess the activity of genes associated with oxidative stress in endometrial cancer and to determine their relationship with miRNAs. Of the 1105 miRNAs found on the microarray, the number of miRNAs differentiating each cancer grade from the control was as follows: G1 vs. C, 131 miRNAs; G2 vs. C, 58 miRNAs; G3 vs. C, 84 miRNAs (p < 0.05; FC > 2 or FC < −2). The next step was to assess which of the differentiating miRNAs could participate in the regulation of the activity of PRDX2, PKD2, AQP1, SOD3, and KLF2. he obtained results indicate that overexpression of PKD2 may be related to significantly reduced activity of miR-195-3p, miR-20a and increased the levels of miR-106a, miR-328 in the early stages of endometrial cancer. At a later stage, the involvement of miR-134 is also possible. Interestingly, miR-183 initially shows a decrease in activity, which changes dramatically in G3 cancer. The reduced expression of SOD3 may be due to the increased activity of miR-328 in G1 cancer and miR-363 in G3 cancer. In the case of KLF2, miR-195-3p level was reduced while miR-363 was overexpressed. PRDX2 and AQP1 expression is most likely not regulated by miRNAs selected in microarray analysis with our criteria. A high level of PKD2 may be the result of a decrease in the activity of miR-195-3p, miR-20a, miR-134. A SOD3 level reduction can be caused by miR-328, miR-363. In addition, miR-363 can also regulate KLF2 expression. In the course of endometrial cancer, the phenomenon of oxidative stress is observed, the regulation of which may be influenced by miRNAs.

Abstract. Cystic fibrosis (CF), a monogenic disease, is the most common autosomal recessive, life-shortening disease affecting people of Northern European descent. According to the American Cystic Fibrosis Foundation patient registry, there are currently more than 30,000 CF patients in the United States and more than 70,000 CF patients worldwide. This disease is caused by dysfunctional transport of chloride and/or other ions (such as sodium and bicarbonate) leading to the generation of thick, viscous secretions (e.g., mucus) in the lungs, pancreas, liver, intestine and reproductive tract and increased salt content in sweat gland secretions. Ultimately, progressive lung disease is the main cause of CF complications and patient mortality. This disease manifests in many organs, but mostly in the upper and lower respiratory tract, pancreas, intestines and reproductive system. For most patients, lung disease is the most important problem in terms of symptoms and the treatment required and the fact that it is the most likely cause of death the
optimal diagnostic test for cystic fibrosis is the measurement of electrolyte levels in sweat. Patients with the disease have elevated sodium and chloride concentrations (>60 mmol/l, diagnostic; 40-60 mmol/l, intermediate (but more likely to be diagnostic in infants); <40 mmol/l, normal). However, undoubted cases of cystic fibrosis have been described with normal sweat electrolytes. Newer techniques have reduced the amount of sweat needed, although cystic fibrosis is currently incurable and greatly reduces life expectancy, the average age of survival of CF has increased significantly over the past 50 years and now exceeds 40 years. Therefore, CF is no longer considered solely as a childhood disease, but is now recognized as a disease of children and adults. Currently, more than half of CF patients are adults up to 60 years of age, indicating that active treatment can improve prognosis, increase quality of life and prolong life expectancy.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is playing an increasingly important role in developing cancer occurrence risk models. AI model can analyze vast amounts of data to identify patterns and correlations that may not be immediately apparent to clinicians, which can reduce overdiagnosis, timely identify risk factors, and lower incidence and mortality rates. This mini-review presented three specific articles that demonstrate the development process and application effectiveness of AI-based cancer occurrence risk models, providing inspiration and reference for future developments. These research allows for more accurate predictions of cancer risk based on a variety of factors such as imaging results, blood test result, etc. By identifying individuals at high risk for developing cancer, preventative measures can be taken to reduce their likelihood of developing the disease. Additionally, AI can help reduce overdiagnosis by distinguishing between benign and malignant conditions with greater accuracy. Overall, the use of AI in developing cancer risk models has the potential to greatly improve our ability to prevent and treat cancers.

Marijuana has been used for decades, and in recent years, interest in its medical qualities has grown. Cannabinoid medications such as dronabinol, nabilone, and nabiximols have been developed as a result of research into their therapeutic characteristics. Marijuana use disorder is becoming more common among marijuana users. Marijuana is an illegal narcotic that is becoming increasingly popular among teenagers and young people, and it is harmful to human health. This review examines the most common concerns that individuals have concerning marijuana use and its impact on human health. The review focuses on the consequences and severity of the effects on human living, including physical, mental, emotional, and behavioral changes. According to this study, the most often used illicit substance (marijuana) has an active ingredient called delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), which causes mind-altering effects. THC, the main element in marijuana, goes throughout the body, including the brain, to generate its numerous effects when smoked. THC binds to receptors known as cannabinoid receptors. THC binds to cannabinoid receptors on nerve cells in the brain, altering their function. "Are there treatments for marijuana abusers?" and "Can marijuana be used as a type of medication in humans?" are two of the concerns discussed.

Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to revolutionize the domain of medicine, particularly in the realm of medical diagnosis. AI-based diagnostic tools have the ability to analyze large amounts of data and undercover complex patterns that may be hard for humans to detect. Also, it helps to assist healthcare providers to make more precise and prompt diagnoses. This review explores the role of AI in improving medical diagnoses, the limitations associated with this technology, and relevant examples.

Research has indicated higher concentrations of histamine and polyamine in endometrioid tissue in comparison with healthy tissue. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in the expression patterns of messenger RNA (mRNAs) and microRNA (miRNAs) related to the histaminergic system in endometrial samples and whole blood in women with endometrioid endometrial cancer. The study group consisted of 30 women with endometrioid endometrial cancer qualified for hysterectomy (G1 well-differentiated, 15 cases; G2 moderately differentiated, 8 cases; and G3 poorly differentiated, 7 cases). The control group included 30 women with no neoplastic changes during routine gynecological examinations. The molecular analysis consisted of the microarray analysis of mRNAs and miRNAs related to the histaminergic system, reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RTqPCR), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Out of 65 mRNAs connected with the histaminergic system, 10 differentiate the samples of tissue and blood obtained from patients with endometrioid endometrial cancer in comparison with the control group (p < 0.05). mRNA histamine receptor 1,3 (HRH1, HRH3), and solute carrier family 22 member 3 (SLC23A2) differentiating samples of endometrioid endometrial cancer independent of either G or control. The selected mRNA transcripts seem to be promising for molecularly targeted therapies in the context of endometrioid endometrial cancer.

Drug interactions, common problems in clinical practice, are one of the leading causes of adverse drug events, including toxicity or adverse reactions during use, failure to treatment, and can even lead to death. The combination of drugs is inevitable, especially in the case of multiple diseases, multiple symptoms. In most cases, physicians actively combine drugs to maximize effectiveness and minimize side effects, or in some cases combine drugs after carefully weighing benefits and risks. ten]. However, adverse drug interactions can be prevented by special precautions or by taking interventions to reduce the risk. Therefore, in order to give appropriate warnings to help doctors weigh the benefits/risks of drug combinations, the research team assessed the current situation of drug-drug interactions at the Department of Medical Examination traditional - the Ministry of Public Security from which to make recommendations and attention in prescribing practices at hospitals.

Abstract.

Medicinal plants have been one of the most important sources of medicine since the dawn of human civilization. Indigenous communities have used products from this plant in different conditions throughout documented history. Cannabis sativa L. is one of the most widely employed herbaceous medicinal plants for textiles and fibers, in medicine, as a source of food, animal food, animal bedding, and agriculture for seeds. This paper highlights the traditional applications, botany, phytochemistry, and pharmacological properties of Cannabis sativa L. Extensive database retrieval, such as Google Scholar, Semantic Scholar, ResearchGate, Academia.edu, PubMed, SciFinder, ChemSpider, CNKI, PubFacts, etc., was performed by using the keywords “Hemp,” “Cannabis,” as well as the scientific name of this plant species (Cannabis sativa L). Besides, reviews of relevant textbooks, documents, and patents were also employed to collect sufficient information. This study revealed numerous pharmacological activities of Cannabis sativa L. that could help with several medical diseases. Besides that, more than 565 bioactive constituents have been isolated and identified from diverse parts of Cannabis sativa L. This could help discover potential therapeutic effects and develop new medications to benefit human health.