Ethyl 4-methyl-2-oxo-7-phenylthio-2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-1,3-diazepine-5-carboxylate and/or ethyl 6-methyl-2-oxo-4-(phenylthiomethyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate were obtained in the reaction of ethyl 4-chloromethyl-6-methyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimi-dine-5-carboxylate with PhSNa or PhSK with or without PhSH, depending on the reagent ratio, reaction time or temperature, as a result of ring expansion and/or nucleophilic substitution. The reaction pathway was affected strongly by the basicity-nucleophilicity of the reaction media. The results obtained were confirmed by reactions of 4-mesyloxymethyl-6-methyl-5-tosyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidin-2-one with PhSNa/PhSH and ethyl 4-chloro-methyl-6-methyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate with NaCN/HCN or NaCH(COOEt)₂/CH₂(COOEt)₂.

In the presence of strong bases (NaH, DBU, KOH), ethyl 4-chloromethyl-6-methyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate and 4-mesyloxymethyl-6-methyl-5-tosyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidin-2-one are transformed into novel tricyclic compounds, diethyl 9-methyl-5-methylene-3,11-dioxo-2,3,4,5,6a,7,10,11-octahydro-1,6-methano[1,3]diazepino[1,7-e][1,3,5]-triazocine-6,8(1H)-dicarboxylate and 9-methyl-5-methylene-6,8-ditosyl-1,2,4,5,6,6a,7,10-octahydro-1,6-methano[1,3]diazepino[1,7-e][1,3,5]triazocine-3,11-dione, respectively.

Several ionic liquids used as catalyst for three-component Mannich reactions of aldehydes, amines, and naphthols at room temperature. The used ionic liquids include 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([Bmim]BF₄), 1-octyl-3- methylimidazolium tetrafluoro-borate ([Omim]BF₄), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([Emim]BF₄), butyl dimethylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([Bdmim]BF₄), 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium nitrate ([Omim]NO₃), 1-methylimidazolium sulfuric acid ([Hmim]HSO₄) and 1-methylimidazolium trifluoroacetic acid ([Hmim] Tfa). Higher yields were obtained in the presence of [Hmim]Tfa in comparison with other ionic liquids.

1,2,4,5-Benzenetetracarboxylic acid (H4btec) with transition metal ions Co(II) and Ni (II), give two coordination complexes, C₁₀H₁₆CoO₁₄ (I) and C₁₀H₁₈Na₂NiO₁₆ (II). These complexes have been synthesized by a fast and efficient method under microwave irradiation. These compounds have been characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis.

Copper sulfide nanoparticles were synthesized by microwave irradiation, by the decomposition of [Cu(NH₂CSNH₂)₂]Cl₂ complex, formed by the reaction of copper(II) acetate, thiourea (Tu) in the presence of surfactant Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) used to characterize the product. The result nanoparticles have a diameter of about 60-70 nm.

Mn(III) tetra (4-methoxyphenyl) porphyrin (MnTMePP) was synthesized inside the nanocages of zeolite-X according to "ship-in-bottle " model. MnTMePP was impregnated (MnP-NaX imp) and encapsulated (MnP-NaX) in the zeolite matrix and had been used as an active heterogeneous catalyst for thymol hydroxylation. The oxidation results were improved by immobilization of metalloporphyrin inside zeolitic faujasite in compression with homogeneous catalyst (MnTMePP). The hydroxylation reaction was performed at 25 ° C and atmosphere pressure by using H 2 O 2 / Ammonium acetate. All catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy analyses.

β-cyclodextrin―citric acid derivatives were synthesized trough heating of mixture of citric acid, cyclodextrin and Na₂HPO₄ as a catalyst. The degree of substitution of the derivatives was estimated by determination of citric acid by HPLC in the samples hydrolysates. Sorption properties of β-cyclodextrin―citric acid derivatives were determined using spectrophotometric method with methyl orange as a model sorbate. Sorption properties of β-cyclodextrin―citric acid derivatives were compared to native β-cyclodextrin.

The title compound, [6-Diethylamino-9-(2-octylcarbamoyl-phenyl)-xanthen-3-ylidene]-diethyl-amine was synthesized in high yield by an amidation with N-octylamine in a CEM Discover microwave at 60°C for 2 hrs. Its structure was characterized by Ultraviolet-Visible and fluorescence spectral analysis.

The four-membered spiro-heterocycles; ethyl cyano(1-methyl-2,4-dioxospiro{1,3-quinoline-3,4'-[1,3]dithietane}-4'-ylidene)- acetate 2a, -malononitrile 2b, -acetylacetone 2c and thiazetidine isomer 3 were prepared under phase transfer catalysis conditions (PTC). The thermal treatment of dithietanes 2a–c led to the bis-quinolinyl sulfide 4. Some interesting nucleophilic addition followed by cyclization reactions were carried out with the dithietane 2a to give the corresponding novel dispiro derivatives 5–8, 10–13, and 15.

A QSAR study has been performed on a series of substituted pyrido[3,2-b]pyrazinones as potent and selective PDE-5 Inhibitors. The compounds in the selected series were characterized by spatial, molecular and electrotopological descriptors using QSAR module of molecular design suite (V-Life MDS^TM 3.5). Correlations between inhibitory activities and calculated predictor variables were established through partial least square regression (stepwise forward) method. The generated QSAR models reveal that the topology of the molecules crucially influences the desired inhibitory activity of pyrido[3,2-b]pyrazinones. PDE-5 inhibition can be well defined by the models generated and the molecules are more selective towards PDE –5 while PDE –6 and PDE –11 inhibitory activities cannot be well delineated by the help of generated QSAR models. So PDE-5 selective compounds can be synthesized based on the assumption of the present QSAR analysis. The best model shows 90% correlation for PDE-5 inhibitory activity which explains good reliability of the model. However cross correlated regression coefficients (Q²) 0.5959 further validate the model significance. The present study imply that the PDE-5 inhibition can be augmented primarily by increasing molecular refractivity and number of carbons connected to the aromatic rings, single bonds and by decreasing number of carbons connected to the double bonds.