Design and application of acid catalysts in organic synthesis due to minimizing energy consumption and waste production have considered a lot of attention. The catalytic activity of heteropoly acids (HPAs) and related polyoxometalate (POMs) compounds have attracted great attention particularly in the last two decades. The unique properties such as stable and strong acidity, high oxidation potential, redox characteristics and impressive sensitivity to light being environmentally and presenting fewer disposal problems are from outstanding advantages of these compounds. Quinazolines are a class of nitrogen containing heterocycles with a bicyclic structure consisting of two fused six membered aromatic rings, which are valuable in the field of pharmaceutical chemistry because of their biological properties including anticancer, diuretic, anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsant and antihypertensive activities. In this study, H₅PV₂Mo₁₀O₄₀/SiO₂ POM composite was prepared and characterized according to published reports and its catalytic activity was investigated in the synthesis of quinazolinone derivatives via multicomponent reactions strategy.

In this study, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) as a biodegradable and biocompatible polymer was modified for use as drug delivery carrier. In the first step, PVA was modified by APTES and then underwent crosslinking using 1,2-dichloroethane. On the other hand, Fe₃O₄ magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were reacted with TEOS and modified with hexamethylene diisocyanate. The modified MNPs were reacted with the free hydroxyl groups of the crosslinked PVA to obtain the final magnetic carrier. A template drug was used in order to study the drug release ability of the prepared carrier. The carrier was also characterized using different analyses such as FT-IR, VSM techniques.

  In the present study, a melamine-modified hydrogel was synthesized for use as Doxorubicin delivery carrier. In the first step, poly(acrylic acid-co-maleic anhydride) was synthesized via free radical polymerization. Then the prepared copolymer was crosslinked by melamine to obtain the final carrier. The swelling behavior of the carrier was carried out afterwards. Moreover, different analyses such as FT-IR, TGA and SEM techniques were used to characterize the final polymer. In the final step, the Doxorubicin drug was loaded on the polymer and the slow-release study of the drug was investigated.

The total synthesis of (–)-herbaric acid has been achieved through the stereoselective synthesis of 3-substituted isobenzofuranones with a new organocatalytic route. When combined with a catalytic amount of benzoic acid, quinidine thiocarbamate bifunctional catalysts have demonstrated their efficiency for the diastereoselective halolactonization reaction of acrylate-type benzoic acids bearing a chiral alkoxycarbonyl group on the carbon-carbon double bond. High diastereomeric excesses were obtained thanks to a positive match effect between the (+)-menthyl ester group and the chiral organocatalyst.

A great amount of clay minerals are existed in soils and weathered rocks that encompasses unique properties and wide applications due to their nanoscale structures. Because of being biocompatible and cheap in nature, halloysite has been considered a new generation of nanostructures in material science and technology. Halloysite has a structural formula of Al₂(OH)₄Si₂O₅.nH₂O and Nanocomposites based on halloysite are applied extensively in several industrial and manufacturing processes. High surface area of halloysite is leading to be a good host for immobilizing metals to enhance their catalytic activity.  Magnetic nanocomposite based on Fe₃O₄ possesses unique features such as low cost, easy preparation, environmental compatibility. As a result of the above cited remarkable properties of heterogeneous Fe₃O₄@halloysite nanocatalyst and due to the importance of benzoimidazole scaffold, we represent an efficient synthesis of benzoimidazole derivatives via a green one-pot reaction using magnetic nanoclay as catalyst at room temperature in a green solvent.

A series of 30 neonicotinoid insecticides, bearing nitroconjugated double bond and five-membered heterocycles and nitromethylene compounds containing a tetrahydropyridine ring with exo-ring ether modifications, active against the cowpea aphids (Aphis craccivora), was analyzed using multiple linear regression (MLR) method. The semiempirical quantum chemical PM7 approach was employed for structure optimization. Structural descriptors were calculated for the minimum energy conformers and were related to the insecticidal activity (expressed as pLC₅₀ values) through genetic algorithm, using the multiple linear regression (MLR) approach. Several parameters were applied to check the internal and external model validation. The final MLR models demonstrated good statistical results and predictive power. The presence of more than 6-membered rings, a large number of rings containing secondary C(sp3) atoms, and/or higher values of strongest basic pK_a in the core structure of neonicotinoids are considered to decrease the insecticide activity.

In the present scenario, nanotechnology is an important enabling technology which deals with the synthesis and control of matter at the molecular level, in scales smaller than 1 micrometer, normally 1 to 100 nanometers. Metal nanoparticles   are one of   the    most attractive   aspects of nanomaterials  in recent years. Synthesis of nanoparticles can be carried out by using various chemical and physical methods. But use of such methods is harmful in one or the other way as the chemicals often used are toxic, flammable. The purpose of this research work is to provide information on the recently discovered green synthesis process over conventional. This research opens an innovative design to improve antimicrobial activities. We did comparative study of synthesized silver and copper nanoparticles using unripe fruit of carica papaya extract. The papaya extract mediated synthesis of silver and copper nanoparticles was efficient and provides additional property such as bactericidal efficiency and might act as long searched alternative and could be answer to antibiotic resistance. The antibacterial activity of extracted biological synthesized silver and copper nanoparticle were observed against B. Substilis and E. Coli  using standard disc diffusion method. The green synthesis and characterization of  silver and copper nanoparticles were done and confirmed by spectroscopic method and FTIR technique.

Crystal engineering, the design and synthesis of supramolecular metal-organic frameworks is frontier field in research, not only for their variety of architectures and interesting molecular topologies but also because of their potential applications in zeolite-like catalysts, host-guest chemistry, gas storage, ion exchange, molecular recognition, photonic materials and magnetic. High quality crystals of metal-organic coordination compounds, such as those suitable for single-crystal X-ray diffraction measurements, can usually be obtained by a variety of approaches using wet solution chemistry solvothermal methods [1]. High-energy ultrasound irradiation has been used for the synthesis of a zinc(II) MOF, Zn₂(Zn_TCPP)₃H₂O.2DMF (1), (TCPP) = tetrakis (4-carboxyphenyl) porphyrin in nano scale [2-3]. The nano-structure was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), FTIR and elemental analyses. The utilization of high intensity ultrasound has found as a facile, environmentally friendly, and versatile synthetic tool for the coordination compounds [4-5].

  Refrences

[1] Hanifehpour.Y, Safarifard.V, Morsali.A, Mirtamizdoust.B, Woo Joo.S, Hanifehpour.Y, Ultrasonics Sonochemistry . 31(2016) 201-205.

[2] EunYoung. Choi, Curtis A. Wray, Chunhua Hu ,Wonyoung Choe. CrystEngComm. 11(2009)553-555.

[3] ArrayDuong Duc La, Hoai Phuong Nguyen Thi, Yong Shin Kim, Anushri Rananaware, Sheshanath V. آ Bhosale , Applied Surface Science . 424(2017) 145-150.

[4]آ  Choi.E, Wary.C,آ  Hu.C, Choe.W, CrystEngComm. 11(2009)553-555.

[5] Rahimi.R, Shariatinia.S, Zargari.S, Yaghobi Berijani.M, Ghaffarinejad.A, Sadat Shojaie.Z, RSC advances. 5(2015) 46624-46631.

The Appel reaction of an alcohol with CCl4/PPh3 and with CBr4/PPh3 produce alkyl chlorides and alkyl bromides, respectively. It was found that in the case of using CBrCl3-PPh3, a mixture of alkyl chlorides and alkyl bromides are formed. Dichloromethane (CH2Cl2) and acetonitrile (CH3CN) were used as solvents, where the reaction was found to be solvent-dependent. 

The development of selective and sensitive of new molecular sensors for the detection of metal cations represents an attractive area into the supramolecular chemistry. In this sense, we proposed the design and synthesis of fluorescent sensors that have in their structures biphenyl derivatives and can be synthesized from certain natural products such as vanillin or eugenol. Considering that the more rigid structure of a chemosensor tends to generate change fluorescence, silica was used to embed them in order to aim this property. Mesoporous silica such as SBA-15 is a suitable inorganic support due to its uniform wide channels that can immobilize organic chemical sensors. In this work we evaluate the necessary experimental conditions to carry out the embedding of bis-vanillin and bis-eugenol -two potential precursors of chemosensors- in the porous structure of the mesoporous silica SBA-15 through a microwave assisted process. The physicochemical characterization of the developed bis-vanillin-SBA-15 and bis-eugenol-SBA-15 materials confirmed the successful immobilization of these molecules in the mesoporous composite. The most important characteristic of these systems is the possibility of activating the release of the organic molecules embedding into SBA-15, depending on the liquid medium in which these composite are suspended. These findings give an important insight into these hybrid systems in the development of chemical sensors for the detection of metal cations in different medium.