Dimensional analysis is a technique used by scientists and engineers to check the rationality of their calculations, but it can also be used to determine the nature of the quantities used. Information is usually measured in bits, or binary digits, but it could be measured using any other base. I will be arguing that, given the possibility of an objective measure of information in terms of asymmetries, and the relation of information to order, Schrὂdinger’s suggestion that negentropy was an appropriate measure should be taken seriously. After clarifying this notion, I use dimensional analysis to show that negentropy has units of degrees of freedom, and that this is a sensible unit of information.

Thomas Kuhn’s paradigm theory tells us that the science itself has a certain structure and the development of science has its own laws. His historicism research methodology in philosophy of science provides us a research approach having much referential values for investigating, predicting and programming the process and prospect of the development of Unified Information Science. And the paradigm shift of science firstly needs a breakthrough in its philosophical core-ontological presupposition. Therefore, this article will discuss how the development of Information Philosophy in China provides an opportunity for building the Unified Information Science from the perspective of paradigm theory, analyzing what necessary theoretical foundations that paradigm theory provides for the integration of Information Philosophy and Unified Information Science.

At re: publica 2010 Sascha Lobo gave a lecture entitled 'How to Survive a Shitstorm’. Thus he established the term. The term ‘Shitstorm’ describe a phenomenon often observed on the social web: One or two critical remarks trigger aggressive, insultung and even threatening verbal attacks which culminate in a ‘wave of indignation’ through active as well as seemingly passive actors.

During the last decades, the world has been going through major technological, economic and social changes. The evolutionary process has brought people together through flows of communication into global digital networks to an extent that scientists have started to talk of the rise of a new geological era called "Anthroposcene".

The paper “Programming the State – Digital Technology and Institutional Design” focuses on political aspects of the on-going technological transformation bringing us into a digital society. The aim is to discuss the relation between political and technological change by applying historical institutional theory to explain and understand how ideas and ideology are embedded into digital political institutions.

The discussion starts by explaining the basic concepts used in historical institutional theory such as path dependency and formative moments. I then turn to a theory of history formulated by R.G. Collingwood, as this help to understand how the formation of political institutions may be studied in terms of a design process. My argument is that in order to understand the design of political institutions we have to include the study of political ideology since ideologies serve as the design plan for specific institutional solutions. If we are to understand the logic of digitalisation we therefore have to be aware of which ideas that are embedded into digital technological solutions.

The paper ends with a discussion on the implications that may be drawn by this argument and whether or not it is possible to turn back from a path once chosen to step upon.

 “ Cosmism of Water ” is one of the earliest cosmism in the world. In many thoughts of the ancient civilizations, “ water ” is defined as a kind of original medium create and covers the world. So that, in those “ Cosmism of Water ” , “ water ” is a kind of exists that an all-embracing, the original, the only and no inner, outer and difference. But the properties of the water in these “ Cosmism of Water ” are very similar to the non-existence. So that “ water ” only is a kind of non-existence. And The “ water ” in these “ Cosmism of Water ” is become an abstract concept, then it will be the most primitive metaphysical concept in the human thought, a lot of concepts in the history of philosophy are similar with it . Thus we can find all the metaphysical concept in the history of philosophy is also points to the areas of non-existence .

The past human civilization stage can be defined as The Material Civilization Stage, with the coming of intelligent era, human civilization stage will fundamentally transfer to spiritual stage. The main activities of human beings will change from material creating activities to spiritual life awakening. This will further arouse the basic paradigm of academic research in several areas.

The need for a generally accepted definition of “what is information” is self-evident and acute. However, Kun’s definition of information as “a philosophical category indicating indirect being” is unable to satisfy this need, especially when it comes to an everyday usage of the term. That forced me to seek for a more suitable definition of information. Despite the differences, Kun and I agree that we witness today a paradigm shift from data-based computational way of thinking to information-based cognitive way of thinking (Kun calls that “informalization of science”). Below is provided a short comment on this issue.

Based on the mini-public theory, this paper examines the mobile Internet public platform in the countryside of western China, and sees it as the public sphere of digital community. The research considers that the public sphere of this kind of digital community transforms the "Half acquaintance society" into "acquaintances society" and constructs the rural endogenous order. Its essence is the new media empower the village elite outside the system to form a social-media-based alliance, and with the village idle staff, left-behind women and other people to form the media self-organizing, become a new village endogenous power. The elite alliance of outside institutions, through express in the public sphere, media mobilization, public action, and so on, connected the scattered in different space of "atomic" villagers, promote the development of rural society. With the change of the village power structure, the elite alliance of the outside system and the village of the state agent have formed a competitive relationship, temporarily formed a relatively balanced cooperative governance model. The public sphere of the digital community makes villages from the nominal villager autonomy to the autonomy mode of "self-management, self-education and self-service" through the public participation of the villagers.

Different from traditional democracy, ecological democracy not only concerns the interests of people, but also pays attention to the benefits of nature. Its goal is the harmony, freedom, equality and sustainable development between humans, nature and society as a whole. Ecological democracy based on ecological information is necessary with dialogue, communication, exchange and consultation in order to jointly govern and protect the environment because the administrative region has divided the integrity and coherence of the geographical conditions into fragements. The scientific ecological information system constructed in relation to each other can predict the overall ecological evolutional trend and formulate corresponding counter measures. Ecological information plays an important and basic role to achieve the reconciliation between people and nature, and people to people.

As a kind of thinking mechanism that grasps motion, change and development of objects on the whole, systematic thinking contains a whole set of thinking principles, methods and operation procedures. With the uprising popularity of studies on informational system science and complexity theory, information reveals a new field that the philosophy of the past has not discovered. Wu’s works are putting forward a wholly new scientific thinking way: the Informational Thinking. We can conclude rationally from Wu’s explanations of information that the character of informational thinking way can include and surpass the basic idea of systematic thinking way. So far as the whole process of scientific cognition is concerned, functions of informational thinking are expanded in several aspects.